Mahmoud Shah I (Begara), the most prominent Sultan of Gujarat

Compiled by: Syed Ali Shahbaz
On 5th of the Islamic month of Zil-Qa’dah in 889 AH, Mahmoud Shah I (Begara), the most prominent Sultan of Gujarat, captured the Rajput stronghold of Champaner, completely rebuilt it, and renamed it Mohammadabad. He transferred his capital to this city from Ahmadabad – built by his great-grandfather and founder of the Muzaffarid Dynasty, Ahmad Shah I.
Mahmoud Shah built a magnificent Jama Masjid in Champaner, which ranks amongst the finest architectural edifices of the Indo-Persian style in Gujarat. It is an imposing structure on a high plinth with two tall minarets 30 m tall, 172 pillars and seven mihrabs, in addition to carved entrance gates with fine latticed windows, topped by domes.
He also captured Bombay and ruled for 43 years, styling himself "Sultan al-Barr wa'l-Bahr" (King of the Land and the Sea). He laid the foundation of the city of Mahmoudabad (now called Junagadh), adorning it with a palace, beautiful buildings and extensive gardens. In order to thwart the designs of the Portuguese, he entered into an alliance with the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt and the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
It was during his time that the famous naval Battle of Diu was fought off the coast of India, resulting in a shattering defeat for the European invaders by the joint fleets of Gujarat, Egypt and the Ottomans. Persian literature flourished at his court.