Al-Jumu'ah (Friday)

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Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth glorifies Allah, the King (of everything), the Holy, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise

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It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom - although they were before in clear error

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And [to] others of them who have not yet joined them. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

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That is the bounty of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.

The definition:
The cause of the advent of the prophet peace be upon him
The sura e Juma as well started by the glorification of the Almighty God. And indicates a part of the beauty, splendor and the virtues of divine names in fact it is a preface for the upcoming discussions.
It said: Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth glorifies Allah in their own language and praises him unpolluted from all defects.

The god who is sovereign and master and blameless of every defect

The god who is mighty and wise

Like this manner it emphasizes first upon his possession and ruler ship and then upon his being clean from every cruelty and defect. As by paying attention towards the unlimited cruelty of the kings and the rulers the term â€کmalik’ is associated with the ungodliness which is washed away by the term â€کquddoos’ (the virtuous).
Beside that it relied upon the power and knowledge which are two main pillars of the government. Hence we see that these qualities are closely connected to the future discussions of this sura. It shows that the selection of the qualities of mighty God in the several aayaat of noble Quran is upon the specific intention, order and connection.
Previously we have discussed in detail about the glorification by the entire creatures.
After this meaningful and short indication of oneness of Almighty and his qualities discussed regarding the advent of the prophet peace be upon him and the cause of this great prophecy in connection with the powerful, wise and virtues God and said: he is one who raised a prophet in the midst of the illiterates to read his (god’s) verses for them.

In the shadow of this reading, wanted to make them flawless of every effect of polytheism, blasphemy, deviation and immorality and teach them the book and the wisdom.

Though before that they were in clear perversion

Interestingly the arrival of the prophet peace be upon him with all those specifications cannot be described other than the miracle and they are taken as the sign of the greatness of Almighty and a purpose for his existence and said: The mighty God is the one who had sent this messenger peace be upon him and created such a triumph.
أƒأµأ£أ¸أ¶أ­أ¸أ¶أ­أ¤أ³ Means illiterate and the word â€کumm’ means mother that means he did not saw the school except the brought up of his mother. Some of them believe that term as the dwellers of Mecca as they named that place, the mother of the cities. But this guess seems far from the fact as the prophet peace be upon him was not only appointed for the mission in Mecca city (but for the entire world) the sura e Juma was not descended at Mecca either.
Some defined that the stand of Arab nation before the Jews and others nations, such as said in the ayat 75 of sura e Ale Imran:

The Jews said: we are not responsible before the “umi’eenâ€‌ (the non-Jews).
In the case if we accept this definition as well it is for the reason that the Jews believed themselves the people of book and the literates and they believed the nation of Arab as illiterates.
Therefore the first definition is correct.
Notably it is said: the prophet peace be upon him was raised among this illiterate group. To prove the reason for his truth, the book like the noble Quran with these deep and great contents descended upon them and the culture like Islam is impossible to be a creation of human mind. Defining the greatness of his prophecy as an illiterate human being who is not even rose in an environment of knowledge. The light arises from the darkness and green garden upstretched it head from the centre of desert. It itself is an evident miracle and an optimistic document for its truth and rightfulness.
In the above ayat the aim of the prophet’s advent is summarised in the three orders, one has the aspect of first step which is the recitation of the honourable Quran’s aayaat and the two parts defined the refinement and purification of the soul and educating the book and the wisdom. It is consist of two big complete commitments.
Yeah the prophet peace be upon him came to up bring the human beings in the field of knowledge as well the morals and the practical life, by the help of these two wings a human being can fly to the highest sky of the happiness and takes his way towards the Allah Almighty and reach to the divine nearness.
This point is worthy of paying attention and that is in some of the aayaat of the respectable Quran, purification is prior to the education and in some other aayaat the education is prior to the purification that means the three among the four circumstances is the upbringing is prior to the education and in the one occasion education is prior to the upbringing.
This explanation while expressing the effect of these two matters upon one another (morals are delivered by the knowledge, same way the knowledge is provided by the morals) it specifies the reality of upbringing but by the knowledge of facts not by the terms in the dress of knowledge.
The difference between the book and the wisdom is possibly that the book indicates towards the noble Quran and the wisdom indicates towards the sayings of prophet peace be upon him and his education which is named as sunnat (tradition).
This point too is worth paying attention that wisdom actually gives the meaning of prohibition and it has the purpose of correction and improvement. And the reign of the horse is called as wisdom because it prohibits the man from the wrong way and leads to the right path and launches the man to the right track. Therefore these meanings are the rational reasons and from here it got cleared that mentioning the book and the wisdom one after another can be an indication towards two massive main streams to recognize the revelation and the wisdom.
Or in another term, the divine rules and the Islamic education being taken from the main source of divine revelation can be gauged by the scale of wisdom (The purpose is to build the entire rules and regulations).
And the term أ–أ³أ،أ³أ‡أ،أ² أ£أ¸أµأˆأ¶أ­أ¤أ² (the clear perversion) below the ayat defined as the previous record of the Arab nation and meaningfully and generally indicated the period of Arab ignorance. Where the perversion was ruling among them in its worst manner and it was a clear perversion in such a manner that they were carving the idols by the wood and stone and worshipping them and taking refuge in these lifeless creatures at the challenging stages of life.
They were burying alive their own daughters with their hands and easily feeling proud and elated of their facts and felt that they had prevented their daughters to get caught in the trap of the aliens.
Their ceremony of namaz and thanks giving was clapping and whistling near the house of ka’aba. Even the women were performing totally nude the circumambulation around the Ka’ba and they believed that it was a worship.
Various kinds of superstitions and irrational believes were ruling upon their thoughts. The war, bloodshed and plunder were the object of honour and the women among them were the most invaluable thing even they were gambling on her, she was deprived of the simplest rights. They were transferring the enmity and hatred to their children as the inheritance. For this reason the bloodshed and killing were considered a common affair among them. Yeah the prophet peace be upon him rose up and saved them from this clear perversion by the blessing and prosperity of the book and the wisdom. Certainly to influence such kind of perverted society is a very big reason of the Islam’s greatness, in itself and an evident miracle of our great messenger peace be upon him.
As the prophet was not only arise upon that illiterate (ummi) nation but his invitation was embracing the entire people of world. In the next ayat it adds: Moreover he was arisen for the other group of believers as well who were not joined him up till then.

The other nations who stepped into this world after the death of the prophet peace be upon him. They were educated and trained in the school of the noble Quran and the traditions of the prophet peace be upon him and quenched their thirst from this crystal clear main stream. Yeah they too were included in this great invitation.
Like this manner, the above ayat includes all the nations who arrived into this world after the period of the prophet’s companions rule who were the Arab’s as well as the non-Arab. In a hadis we read, when the prophet peace be upon him recited the above ayat the people asked him: who are they? The prophet peace be upon him put his hand upon the shoulder of Salman e Farsi and said: If the faith is in the star of Pleiades (a star which is very much far away and quoted as a proverb) the men and women of this group (Iranians) will reach it.
All the affairs arise from the main stream of the power and wisdom of the Almighty. And in the end it says: And he is powerful and wise.

Then indicated towards these great blessings that are the advent of prophet peace be upon him and his program of education and training and added: It is the favor of Almighty whomever he wants and thinks capable, he grants. The God is the master of great blessings.

In fact this ayat is similar to the ayat 164 of Al’e Imran which said:

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Certainly did Allah confer [great] favor upon the believers when He sent among them a Messenger from themselves, reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom, although they had been before in manifest error.
Everything of this ayat is simiular to the aayaat under discussion.
Some guessed as well أگأ³أ،أ¶أںأ³ أ‌أ³أ–أ؛أ،أµ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ (this blessing is from Allah) is indicating towards the real position of prophecy. The benevolent God when feels some one who is capable of it, presents it.
But the first definition is appropriate though both of them are possible as well. The leading position of prophet peace be upon him is a blessing for the nation as well as his position in the world of prophecy.
Without defining, the term أ£أ³أ¤ أ­أ³أ”أ³أ‡أپ (whomever he wants) is evident and its meaning is that the merciful God grants unlimited blessings and kindness to the person he wants. Where the time willed is linked with the wisdom. Similarly in the definition the god is described as powerful and wise.
Amiral mominin Ali alaihis salam too in the explanation of this great divine blessing in the Nahjul Balagha said: You realize the blessings of Almighty upon this nation, when he sent their messenger peace be upon him to them and attracted their attention towards the dutifulness for their religion and united them. See how this great blessing stretched its generous wings upon them and gushed forward the streams of his favours towards them and the religion of merciful God with all his favours had taken them in his lap. They are drown under His blessings and quite happy in that cheerful life.

The points:
The divine blessings are granted on the account.
It is mentioned in the hadis that a group of the poverty stricken people went in the presence
of the prophet peace be upon him and said: O the messenger of Allah the rich people have money to give in charity and we do not possess anything to give. They have conveyance to go for pilgrimage of Haj. They have every possibility of releasing a slave and we do not possess it.
The prophet peace be upon him said: any person who recite hundred times takbir (Allahu akbar) it has more virtues than releasing a slave. The person who recites 100 times the name of Almighty it is far more virtues than preparing 100 saddles on horses for fighting in jihad (the holy war). The person who recites 100 times أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ أ،أ³أ‡ أ…أ¶أ،أ³أ¥أ³ أ…أ¶أ،أ¸أ³أ‡ his deed is better than all the good deeds of the people, better if he recite more.
This statement reached the rich people they too began to recite these recitations. The poor people of the community approached the prophet peace be upon him and said: your words reach them and now they too got engaged in the glorification of the benevolent God. The prophet peace be upon him said: أگأ³أ،أ¶أںأ³ أ‌أ³أ–أ؛أ،أµ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ أ­أµأ„أ؛أٹأ¶أ­أ¥أ¶ أ£أ³أ¤ أ­أ³أ”أ³أ‡أپ
This is the blessings of Allah the great, any one whom he wishes bless them. (It indicated that, this is a blessing for the people like you who have urge to give the charity but do not have any resource for it. But for those who are rich, the way to get the divine blessing is the only path to give the charity from their wealth.

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The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey that carries volumes [of books]. Wretched is the example of the people who deny the signs of Allah. And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.

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Say, "O you who are Jews, if you claim that you are allies of Allah, excluding the [other] people, then wish for death, if you should be truthful."-

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But they will never long for it (death), because of what (deeds) their hands have sent before them! And Allah knows well the evildoers.

(62:8)
Say, "Indeed, the death from which you escape - indeed, it will meet you. Then you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you of that which you did.

The definition:
The beast mounted upon by some books
It is mentioned in some narrations that the Jews were expressing: If Muhammad peace be upon him is appointed upon the prophecy it is not for us. Hence the first ayat under discussion indicated to them: if you were carefully reading your divine book and practicing upon it, you were never talking such a thing, as the glad tiding of the advent of Islam’s prophet is mentioned in that divine book.
It said: upon whom the Taurat (Torah) is descended they were charged with their duty but they did not fulfilled its right and did not practised upon its aayaat. They are like the ass mounted upon itself books.

The quadruped did not feel anything from the book except the heaviness. It makes no difference for it (The quadruped) whether it is mounting the wood, stone or the books which contains the most accurate programmes of life and the most knowledgeable secrets of creation.
This self-satisfied nation who were contented only upon the name of the Taurat (Torah) or by reciting it without considering upon its contents and practicing upon it, they are like the four footed animal.
This animal is commonly known by one and all as a very much foolish creature. It can be said the most evident example of a scholar who does not practice what he preaches. He has the responsibility of the knowledge upon his shoulders without gaining its blessings. The people who are connected only with the words of the noble Quran they are unaware about its contents and its practical program (they are in large number in the rows of the Muslim community; they too are included in this ayat.
There is another guessing that the Jews by hearing the first ayat and similar ayat of Allah taala which is mentioning the gift of the prophet’s peace be upon him advent, they wanted to express that they too are the people of the book and we too are proud of the Musa kaleem’s peace be upon him advent .The honourable Quran in their reply states: what is the use of it? You ignores the commands of the Taurat (Torah) you never implemented them practically.
But any way it is a warning for all the Muslims to be careful not to reach to such an end. This is a great divine blessing that the noble Quran which was descended upon them, must not be kept neglected in the houses just to get dusty. Or it is to be worn as the amulet to get rid of the evil eyes. Or to pass under the noble Quran to keep away from the accidents while in journey or for the good omen sending the noble Quran in the new house along with the mirror and sweeper for the occasion of home warming, make the noble Quran down to such extent .They struggle till last for reading with tartil (chanting the noble Quran) in a beautiful voice or they recite it in tajvid (Hafiz reads the honourable Quran according to its rule).But in the personal and social life his reaction in the field of believe and practise is seen in least manner.
In the continuation of this example it adds: the nation who denied the divine signs certainly they are the bad examples.

How they should not be compared with donkey loaded with the weight. They denied the divine signs not only by their deeds but by their words as well. Hence in the ayat 87 of the sura e Baqara about this Jew’s nation, it is told:

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Whenever any prophet propagated against their carnal desires, they reacted arrogantly against him, they denied many a groups of them and killed them heartlessly.
In the end meaningfully and shortly it expresses: the mighty God never guides the tyrannical nation.

It is true that to guide is the duty of Almighty god but it needs the necessary background. And its condition is the spirit of justice and the search for the truth. And it must get start from the inward of the human being but the cruel people are away from it.
As we said: the Jews believed they are the selected nation and assumed themselves they are like a lustrous silk, woven separately and they pretended sometimes and declared themselves as the sons of merciful God. Hence in the ayat 18 of sura e Maida it is said:

The Jews and Christians said: we are the sons and the close friends of God (though they mean the false ones).
The noble Quran against that unreasonable high – flying that too from the group who were possessing a divine book but they were not practising upon it. It said: tell them: O Jews if you suppose that you are the friends of the God and you are not like the other people. Then you desire for the death, if you are true

As the friend is always yearns to meet the friend and we know that the spiritual meeting takes place on the judgment day. When the curtains of this world are caste away and the dust of the passions and lust are calmed down and the veils are tied up and with the vision of his heart, the man views the soul soothing beauty of his beloved and steps into his closest vicinity, to give these words a true meaning.
Al-Qamar (The Moon)

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In a seat of truth (the Paradise) near the most Powerful King (Allah, the All-Blessed, the Most High, the Owner of Majesty and Honor).
And find his way in the facade of his beloved.
If you are true and feel you are among his extraordinary friends. Then why are you cemented to this worldly life to such extent? Why are you highly scared of death? It is for the reason that you are not true in your claim.
The noble Quran relates the same meaning in other words in the sura e Baqara ayat 96 and said: Al-Baqara (The Cow)

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And you will most certainly find them the greediest of men for life (greedier) than even those who are polytheists; every one of them loves that he should be granted a life of a thousand years, and his being granted a long life will in no way remove him further off from the chastisement, and Allah sees what they do.
You will find them the greediest people in the life of this world. Even they are greedier than the polytheists to such extent that they desire to live for thousand years while this lengthy age never stops them from receiving the divine chastisement. The great God is watching their deeds.
Then indicated towards the real reason of their fear of death and adds: they never desire for death for the deeds they had sent beforehand.

But the mighty God knows well the cruel people.

In fact the fear of man for death is due to the two factors: either they do not believe in the life after death and they assume the death as the monster of destruction and non-existence and the empire of darkness. It is natural that the man runs away from being the lack of want, non-existence and ruin.
Though he believes the life after death but as he sees his deeds file dark and black for that reason he is fearful to be present in that great court of justice.
As the Jews were believed in the judgment day and the life after death is naturally, the cause of their fear of death is the second factor.
The term أ‡أ،أ™أ¸أ³أ‡أ،أ¶أ£أ¶أ­أ¤أ³ has the vast meaning it includes all unjust killing of divine prophets by the Jews and the deeds relating to their unfair characters, usurping the rights of the people, looting and destructing their wealth and same way they were been polluted to the various immoral evils.
But certainly this fear and anxiety never solves any problem. Death is a camel that slept upon every door. Hence the honourable Quran says: O prophet inform them: the death which you want to escape, at last will meet you.

Then they will be taken towards the one who is aware of the hidden and visible and he will tell you whatever you were doing ( in this world).

Death is one of the commonest and widespread rules of this world, the great divine prophets and the esteemed angels all die except the unpolluted entity of pure God will be remained in this world.
Ar-Rahman (The Most Beneficent)

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Everyone upon the earth will perish,

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And the Face of your Lord full of Majesty and Honor will endure forever.
The death is among the certain rule of this world and to be present before the court of divine justice of almighty Allah to give the account of the deeds. The merciful God is aware of all the human deeds.
Therefore He only give end to this fear, the one whose accounts are clean, there will be no fear for him in giving the account of his deeds. In this condition we can say like Ali alaihis salam: Alas after so many wars and disasters, by almighty Allah the attachment of Abu Talib’s son is more towards the death than the child who is attached towards the breast of his mother.
When his holy forehead was torn apart by the hit of the last vicious person, he thundered and said: I swear by the god of ka’aba, I won and I have reached the salvation.

The points:

1- The learned who preached without practice
Certainly the acquisition of knowledge has much hardship but whatever are the difficulties they are worth less at the achieved boundless blessings at the place of knowledge. The man becomes helpless the day when he smoothens for himself the hardships of achieving the knowledge but could not be able to gain anything out of it. He is similarly like a beast that is loading the weight of books upon his back and knowing nothing about its contents.
There are some of the terms about the learned person who preach but not practise, they are titled as: the tree without fruit, the clouds without rain or like a candle that burns made the surroundings bright and lighted but itself vanishes or a cattle tied up to a water mill, it constantly bears the pains and travels but it cycles around it self and never reaches any destiny and many other examples like it describes a corner of a scholars inauspicious life who preaches but not practice.
In the Islamic descriptions too there are shocking narrations in the reproach of these kind of scholars, such as: it is quoted from the prophet of Allah peace be upon him who said: the person whose knowledge is increased but he did not intensified his guidance. This kind of knowledge does not give him anything except misguidance.
At another juncture we read by amiral momineen Ali alaihis salam: the knowledge is linked with the practice, the one who knows something must bring it into his practical life. The knowledge calls and invites towards the practice if he did not give it a positive reply it leaves him and goes away.
Basically from some of the narrations it is quoted that the scholar who preaches but not practices, he is not worthy to be called a scholar. The prophet of Allah peace be upon him who said: the one who is scholar must practice upon his preaching.
Above all he had the responsibilities of the world is upon his shoulders without enjoying the advantages of knowledge. Hence in a hadis by amiral momineen Ali alaihis salam we read: in between his speech while addressing upon the height of the pulpit he said: O people when you are aware of any thing, practise upon it so that you attain the guidance. Because a scholar who acts against his knowledge, he is like a wandering ignorant who never gets awake from his ignorance, I feel the argument is greater than this knowledgeable man and the regrets are more constant than him.
Certainly the presence of such scholars and intellectuals is the greatest calamity for a society and the future of the people whose scholars are following such a custom has a very dangerous fate. As told by a poet: The shepherd saves the sheep from the claws of the wolf but woe upon the sheep whose shepherd is a wolf.

Why fear the death?
Commonly the most of the people fear the death, only a small group of people smile upon the face of death and hug it tightly. They give the colourful cloak and at its place they take the eternal place.
But we see why death and its faces, even its name for a group of people is painful. Mostly it is for the reason that they do not believe in the life after death. Or in the case they have the belief but it is not penetrated deep into their hearts and It did not rule over their thoughts and feelings.
The fear of man is natural toward the death and to get wiped out. Even he fears the dark, the eradication of light and sometimes he fears the dead body. Because this body is positioned in the way of destruction.
When the man began to believe whole heartedly that the world is the prison of the believer and it is the heaven for the unbeliever.
If he believes that this earthly body is a cage for the bird of soul that when he breaks this cage and freed himself. He will fly high towards the abode of his beloved.
If he believes that he himself is a curtain upon his real self and his body is the dust upon his soul. Certainly he yearns for the moment to cast off the veil from this face.
If he is certain that he is the bird of the angel’s land and he is not from the earthly world just he made a cage of his body for himself.
Yeah when the view of man about the death is in such a manner, he never fears the death and he always wishes to step over the path of perfection.
Hence in the hadis of ashura we read: as much as the circle of enemy’s blockade was getting narrower and the pressure of the enemy was increasing upon Husain alaihis salam and his companions, their faces were getting brighter on the morning of the Ashura. When they were asked the reason, they were replying: because in the upcoming hours we are going to drink the goblet of martyrdom and hug the hurul ain (the Hourise of Paradise.)
Another reason for the fear of death is the ultimate love towards the world. As the death brings the separation between him and his beloved (wealth).and divert him from such facilities which he provided for a luxurious, lavish and comfortable life, it will get very painful for him.
The third factor is the emptiness of the good deeds column and the loads of the bad deeds in the deed file.
In a hadis we read, somebody came to meet the prophet peace be upon him and said: O prophet of Allah! Why I do not like the death?
The prophet peace be upon him asked: do you have the wealth?
He replied: yes.
The prophet peace be upon him asked: did you send some part of it beforehand.
He replied: No.
The prophet peace be upon him said: to this reason you do not like the death (because your deed file is empty).
Another person came to Hazrat Abu zar Ghaffari (Radhiallahu Anhu) and asked: why we hate death?
He replied: For the reason that you enriched this world and ruined your hereafter, naturally you do not like to transfer from the enriched place to the ruined abode.

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O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.

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Then when the (Jumu'ah) Salat (prayer) is finished, you may disperse through the land, and seek the Bounty of Allah and remember Allah much, that you may be successful.

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And when they see some merchandise or some amusement [beating of Tambur (drum) etc.] they disperse headlong to it, and leave you (Muhammad SAW) standing [while delivering Jumu'ah's religious talk (Khutbah)]. Say "That which Allah has is better than any amusement or merchandise! And Allah is the Best of providers."

All about its descent
About the descent of these aayaat or specifically the ayat أ¦أ³أ…أ¶أگأ³أ‡ أ‘أ³أƒأ³أ¦أ؛أ‡ أٹأ¶أŒأ³أ‡أ‘أ³أ‰أ° they quoted various narrations, all of them informs about a year of the Medina city then it was in the grip of draught, hunger and the prizes of things were rose up highly. Dahiye with a caravan reached Medina from Syria and brought the food material with him and it was the Friday and the prophet peace be upon him was engaged in addressing the speech of Friday congregation. As usual they beat the drums to declare the arrival of caravan and even they played other instruments of music for this purpose. The people urgently reached the bazar meanwhile the Muslims who were gathered in the mosque left the speech and they rushed towards the bazar, to afford their needs. Only twelve men and a woman remained at the mosque. (This ayat descended and scold them. the prophet peace be upon him told: though this group was small, the stone used to be pour down from the sky.

The biggest congregation for prayers and political solution
In the past aayaat there were discussions about the monotheism, prophecy, judgment day and the reproach of the world loving Jews. The aayaat under discussion mentioned about the most important Islamic responsibilities which have the extraordinary effect in strengthening the faith and it shows the main purpose of the sura. That is Friday prayers and some of its rules.
First it addressed all the Muslims and said: O you who believe, when the call for prayers (azan) is announced for the Friday. Be hurry towards remembering the merciful God (namaz and the Friday speech) and leave aside the bargain and business. It is better for you if you know it.

The term أ¤أµأ¦أڈأ¶أ­ is taken from the principle word أ¤أڈأ‡ which has the meaning, to exclaim and here it has the meaning of azan. As in Islam there is no other call for namaz except the azan. So that in the ayat 58 of the of sura e Maida also we read: Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)

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And when you call to prayer they make it a mockery and a joke; this is because they are a people who do not understand.
When you call the people towards the namaz (announce the azan) they take it easy and mock. It is because they are a insane people.
Like this manner when the call of Friday azan is raised, the people are responsible to leave their dealings and rush towards the namaz which is the most important resource to remember the benevolent God.
The terms أگأ³أ،أ¶أںأµأ£أ؛ أژأ³أ­أ؛أ‘أ± أ،أ¸أ³أںأµأ£أ؛ indicates, this is the declaration of namaz to leave the work. This has the benefits for the Muslims if they think properly over it. The Almighty God does not need any body and he is kind upon everybody.
This sentence is a short indication towards the philosophy and the benefits of Friday namaz which by the will of mighty God we will discuss it later in the discussion of the points.
Of course regarding the prevention of buying and selling it has the vast meaning which includes every kind of disturbing issue.
But why the Friday is named as Juma it is for the gathering of the people in that day for the performing of namaz. This matter has its history which will be argued in the discussion of the points.
Interestingly in some of the Islamic narrations it is mentioned about the daily prayers. “When the daily prayer is arranged do not run to take part in it and step very gently. But about the Friday namaz the ayat says: أ‌أ³أ‡أ“أ؛أڑأ³أ¦أ؛أ‡ (be hurry) it proves the extra ordinary importance of Friday namaz congregation.
The meaning of أگأ¶أںأ؛أ‘أ¶ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ in the first place is namaz. On the other hand we know that the speech of the Friday namaz is blended with the remembrance of Allah. In fact it is a part of the Friday congregation. Therefore we have to be in hurry to take part in it.
In the next ayat it adds: when the namaz is finished, you are free to disperse in the land for gaining the benefits granted by Almighty. Remember the merciful God repeatedly so that to reach the right path.
The term أ¦أ³أ‡أˆأ؛أٹأ³أ›أµأ¦أ‡ أ£أ¶أ¤ أ‌أ³أ–أ؛أ،أ¶ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ (seek the favours of the beneficent God) or the terms similar to it in the noble Quran often presented as the meaning of gaining the livelihood, earning or business. But it is evident that the meaning of the sentence is vast, where earning and business are included in it. Hence some defined that the visiting of ailing, meeting the believers or the gaining of knowledge though it is not limited up till here.
Untold it is obvious that the command to disperse in land and earn the daily needs is not an essential matter. But the so-called command after the prohibition and forbidding and it is a evidence of permission. But some of the people from this term believe that to earn the living after the Friday prayer has the blessing and desirable thing. In a hadis it is narrated the prophet peace be upon him was visiting the bazar after the Friday namaz.
The ayat أ¦أ³أ‡أگأ؛أںأµأ‘أµأ¦أ‡ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ³ أںأ³أ‹أ¶أ­أ‘أ°أ‡ indicates towards the remembrance of Allah taala for all the blessing he bestowed upon the man. Some had defined the word أ¦أ³أ‡أگأ؛أںأµأ‘أµأ¦أ‡ as the meaning of thinking. It is narrated in such a way that thinking of an hour is better than worshipping a year.
Some defined this matter as the interest the Almighty creator bestows at the time of the peoples dealing. And not crossing the limits of the rules of truth and justice.
But it is evident that this ayat has the extensive meaning which includes all the above mentioned matters. It is certain as well that the soul of recital is the person’s thought. And the recital without the thought is not more than a gibbering of tongue. The act which is the source of the wellbeing and salvation is the recital blended with the thoughts about all the matters.
Basically the continuation of the recital causes the remembrance of Almighty to infuse in man. It burns the roots of negligence and ignorance which is the cause of the every kind of sin and brings the man in the way of wellbeing and salvation to achieve the truth of the أ،أ¸أ³أڑأ³أ،أ¸أ³أںأµأ£أ؛ أٹأµأ‌أ؛أ،أ¶أچأµأ¦أ¤أ³
The last ayat under discussion is about those people who left the prophet peace be upon him alone and rushed towards the bazar to buy from the caravan that just arrived. It condemned severely and said: when it comes across the commercial and entertaining things, they get dispersed and run towards it and leave you standing alone while addressing the speech of Friday congregational namaz.

But tell them what ever is near Almighty God, it is better than commercial and entertaining things and the merciful God is the best provider.

The divine virtues and rewards
And the blessing, virtues and rewards in attending the Friday congregational namaz and hearing the preaching of the prophet peace be upon him and the spiritual training which we gain cannot be compared to anything in world. If you fear that your sustenance will be going to cut down then you are wrong. The Almighty Allah is the best provider.
The term أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ؛أ¦ the entertaining things is indicating towards the drum and other entertaining instruments those were used to play at the time of newly arrived caravan in the city of Medina. It is a kind of announcement as well as the source of entertainment and advertisement of the product. Same as today’s world too you can see in the malls that are established in the western style.
The term أ‡أ¤أ‌أ³أ–أ¸أµأ¦أ‡ means to disperse and leave the namaz and going towards the caravan that is defined in the shan e nuzul when the caravan of Dahya entered the Medina (then he did not accepted the Islam) by the sounds of drum and other instruments of amusement called the people towards the bazar. The people of Medina even the Muslims who were engaged in hearing the speech of Friday namaz they too ran towards him, only thirteen, by the chronicle lesser than that remained in the mosque.
The pronoun in the term أ…أ¶أ،أ³أ­أ؛أ¥أ³أ‡ turns towards the business that means they rushed towards the selling products. It is for the reason that there real intention was not the entertainment but it is the preface of the caravan’s entrance and the entertainment and advertisement for the product along with that.
The term أ‍أ³أ‡أ†أ¶أ£أ°أ‡ shows that the prophet peace be upon him is standing and giving the speech of the Friday namaz. Hence in the hadis by Jabir bin Samra is quoted who said: I never saw the prophet peace be upon him is sitting while giving the Friday speech and whoever says that he gives the Friday speech in the sitting position, you deny him.
It is narrated that someone asked the Abdullah bin Masood: does the prophet peace be upon him was in a standing position while giving the Friday speech. He replied: do not you heard that the Almighty stated أٹأ³أ‘أ³أںأµأ¦أںأ³ أ‍أ³أ‡أ†أ¶أ£أ°أ‡ that means they leave you there in standing position.
In the tafsir (definition of quran) Durr e Mansur it is revealed that the first person who gave the Friday prayer’s speech in the sitting position was the Muavia ibn Abu Sufyan.

The first Friday Prayer in Islam
In some of the Islamic narrations it is mentioned that the Muslims of Madina before the migration of the prophet peace be upon him discussed to themselves and said: the Jews once in a week (Saturday) conduct the gathering and the Christians as well gather once in a week (Sundays) for the congregation. It is better we too decide a particular day for our congregation, to assemble that day for the prayers and thanks the Almighty. For this cause they selected the day before the Saturday which was then called the day of Aruba. They approached As’ad bin Zarara, one of the chief of Medina city. He prayed the congregational namaz with them and advised them, that day was named as the day of Juma. As it was the day of أ‡أŒأٹأ£أ‡أڑ (gathering) of Muslims.
As’ad ordered to slaughter a sheep and they consumed the lunch and dinner with that same meat of single sheep as the numbers of the Muslims was very less.
This was the first Friday recognized for the Muslims.
But the first Friday that was established by the prophet peace be upon him and his companions were in the occurrence when they migrated to Medina and entered that city. That day was Monday twelfth of Rabial awwal midday. His Excellency remained in the Quba and laid the foundation of the Quba mosque. Then on Friday started their journey towards the Medina (the distance between the Medina and the Quba is very less, today Quba is one of the interior quarter of the medina city). At the mid Friday reached the quarters of Bani Salem they organised the Friday namaz there. And this was the first Friday which the prophet peace be upon him organised the congregational namaz and all of the Muslims prayed together. And he addressed the people after the Friday namaz which was the first speech of the prophet peace be upon him in the Medina.
One of the narrators Abdur rahman bin ka’b quoted that his father whenever was hearing the call of azan was sending the blessing upon As’ad bin Zarara when I asked the reason for it. He said: because he was the first person who prayed the Friday congregational namaz with us. I asked: How many were attended thin that namaz? He said: only forty people.

The importance of Friday namaz
The best reason for the importance of observing this big Islamic responsibility is above everything are the aayaat of this sura which orders the Muslims and the believers that as soon as they heard the call of Friday azan they must rush towards it and leave every type of affair and the program that get in the way of you. If the people are going through the deficiency of the food and the caravan that brought their needed thing had arrived, they have no right to go towards it before the Friday namaz and they have to be engaged in their schedule of namaz.
In the Islamic narrations they emphasised much upon this issue. In the speech that is quoted by the prophet peace be upon him it is mentioned: the mighty God made Friday namaz compulsory upon you. The one who leaves it for belittling it and refusing it in my life time or after my death god the merciful will made him disappointed. Be aware his zakat (charity) will not be accepted and be careful his haj will not be recognized and his virtues deeds will not be accepted till he seeks repentance for this act from the merciful god.
In another hadis from imam Muhammad Baqir we read: the Friday namaz is compulsory and gathering in it with the infallible imam (the spiritual leader) is compulsory. Any time when a man without any excuse leaves three Friday congregational namaz which is obligatory, he is a hypocrite.
In another hadis from the messenger of Allah peace be upon him we read: the person who for the sake of his believes faithfully attends the Friday congregational namaz, all his sins will be forgiven and the programs of his deeds will be start from the beginning.
There are many narrations in this subject their definition will get lengthy, here by indicating towards another hadis, we will end this topic here.
A person came to prophet peace be upon him and said: O messenger of Allah! Many a times I prepared myself for going to haj but I was unable to visit the pilgrimage of haj. He replied: The Friday congregational namaz is the haj of the poor people (pointed out the most of the blessings of haj, the great Islamic assembly is present in the Friday congregational namaz).
Of course we must pay thoughtfulness that the excessive condemnation about abandoning the namaz of Friday congregation is sinful. Those who left behind the Friday congregational namaz they are counted in the row of hypocrites. It is in the case when it is impartially compulsory. That means in the period of infallible imam and his expansion. Therefore in the period of imam’s absence it is exceptional compulsory. (Selection between Friday namaz and the noon prayers) it must not be done to belittle or deny the Friday prayers else it will be counted in the condemnation. Though the greatness of the Friday congregation namaz and its immense importance is safe (more definition in this topic to be read in the books of Islamic jurisprudence.

3- The philosophy of the political Friday namaz
The Friday namaz above everything is a large gathering and its common effect is, it softens the soul and the feelings and washes the pollutions in the heart and polishes the rust of the sins from the heart. Specifically it has two speeches mainly that include the various sermons and preaching and the commands of piety and virtuousness.
But socially and politically it is a great assembly of the weak after the yearly assembly of the Haj and it is biggest Islamic assembly. For this reason it is quoted earlier in the narration from the prophet peace be upon him that the Friday namaz is the haj of those who have no financial ability to go for it.
In fact Islam gives importance to three gatherings.
Such as The daily gathering of congregational namaz,
The weakly gathering at the occasion of the Friday congregational namaz and the gathering of Haj near the house of Allah taala that takes place once in a year. The role of Friday namaz is most important. One of the schedules of the speaker in the Friday congregational namaz is to discuss about the social, economical and political problems. Like this manner this excessive magnificent gathering can become the source of the blessings mentioned below:
A: to give awareness to the people on the background of Islamic education and important social and political events.
B: to create more and more correlations and solidarity in the rows of the Muslims, in such a manner that creates fear in the heart of enemy and give them a tremor.
C: to renew the religious life-force and spiritual delight in the masses of people.
For this reason the enemies of Islam are fearful always with the Friday namaz that is following exactly all the Islamic commands.
For this reason as well the Friday namaz is always like a powerful political control at the hands of the rulers. However the just rulers, like the ruler ship of the greatest prophet peace be upon him extracted more and more benefits from it for their own favour and the rulers of cruel Bani Umayya for building their most powerful base, misused it.
During the period of history we come across the instances that anyone who wanted to raise against the government he first used to avoid to attend the Friday congregational prayer. Therefore we read in the history of Ashura that a group of shia gathered in the house of the Sulaiman bin Sard Khazaee and sent a letter to the Imam Husain alaihis salam from Kufa, in that letter it was mentioned that Numan bin Basheer the governor of Kufa who belongs to Bani ummayya had retired himself , we are not attending his Friday namaz congregation. as soon as we come to know you had proceeded towards us, we will make him out of the Kufa.
In the Sahife Sajjadia by Imam Sajjad Ali ibn Husain we read: O benevolent God! (Indicating towards the place of Friday prayers and the namaz of eid e Qurban) said: it is a place belongs specifically to the dignitary rulers and governors. And (the cruel rulers of Bani Umayyad usurped it with their power from the virtues rulers).
Often it happened that the enemies of Islam the entire week, day and night propagated poisonously against it. But by a single speech in the magnificent and dynamic Friday congregational prayers their plans gets neutralised and blows a new spirit in the bodies and the fresh blood begins to flow in the veins. It should be given attention that according to the shia sect, the Friday namaz is not permitted to be held in the limits of one farsaq (6.24 km) by one farsaq, even those who are situated in the two farsaq (almost 11 km) of the place of Friday namaz congregation they attend that namaz. It is clear that practically in every city, town or its out skirts not more than one Friday namaz can be conducted. Therefore it becomes the magnificent gathering of that area.
But regretfully this social and political gathering instead of getting the source of great movement in the Islamic societies because of the influence of the filthy government in some of Islamic countries has become soulless and spirit less. Practically no positive effect can be obtained out of it. It just takes the aspect of a formality. Truly one has to shed the tears for these great wealth sources that are going out of the hands.
The most important namaz of the year is the Friday congregational namaz which is conducted before going to Arafat where at the end of haj all the pilgrims from all over the world gather at Mecca, actually they are representatives of the entire Islamic block in the world. It is essential for preparing the speech of such a sensitive namaz (Friday congregational namaz in Arafat) a large group of scholars must read for weeks and months and present its yield as a historical speech on that sensitive day. Certainly by the blessing of that congregational namaz they can give magnificent information to the Islamic society and solve the key problems.
But disappointedly it is assumed that in present days they bring into light the most worn off problems and define it before the people and everyone is almost aware of the matters, but regarding the basic rules nobody knows about it.
Does not it need to shed the tears upon missing these precious opportunities and the abundant wealth and stand up for its amendment?

4- The rules of Friday namaz and the contents of its speech
The Friday namaz with all its essential rules is compulsory upon the healthy and adult men who are able to attend in that namaz and it is not compulsory upon the old people and the travellers though to attend this namaz is allowed for them. Same way the ladies can attend the Friday congregational namaz though it not compulsory for them.
The least number of people for the attending the Friday congregational namaz is five males. The Friday namaz is two rakat and takes the place of the namaz zohr (the namaz of noon). There are two speeches which are addressed before the Friday namaz. And it is counted as the two remaining rakat of namz zohr.
Friday namaz is like the morning namaz and it is supererogatory (Mustahab). Hamd and sura is commended to be recited aloud in that namaz. In the first rakat sura e Juma must be recited and sura e munafiqeen must be delivered in second rakat.
The Friday namaz has two qunut, it is optional (Mustahab) one before the ruku of first rakat and another after the ruku of second rakat.
It is compulsory to address the two speeches before Friday namaz and the standing of the speaker while giving the speech is compulsory as well. The person who addressed the speech, the same person must lead the Friday congregational namaz.
The speaker must keep his voice aloud in such a manner that all the people present there might be able to hear the contents of his speech.
When the speaker address the people they must keep silent and hear the words of the speaker, all the faces of audience must be towards the speaker.
It is worthy the speaker must be an eloquent and studious man who must be aware of every circumstances, the conditions and the interests of the Muslim society and brave, frankly spoken and firm in the expression of the truth. His deeds and behaviour must create deep effect in his speech and his life attracts the people towards the remembrance of the benevolent God.
It is praiseworthy for him to wear the tidiest and perfumed dress and walk with dignified and confident steps. He must wish salam as soon as he is stands on the height of pulpit facing the people. And lean upon the sword, bow or stick till the end of azan he must sit on the pulpit. When the azan is finished after the people getting comfort he must start the speech.
The content of the speech first must start by the praise of almighty Allah and send the blessing to the prophet peace be upon him (preferable it must be in the Arabic language but the rest of the speech must be addressed in the language of the audience). Then advice the people towards the divine piety and he have to recite one of the short sura of the noble Quran and following this matter in both of the speeches. In the second speech after sending the blessing (durud) towards the prophet peace be upon him and the spiritual leader and seek the forgiveness for the men and women believers.
It is admirable; it must be discussed in the speech the important matters related to the religion and the worldly affairs of the Muslims in the world. And whatever is required by the Muslims, inside or outside the country and the political, social, economic and religious problems, keeping in the mind the priorities must inform the people regarding the plots of the enemies. And remind the short and long period programmes for the safety of the Islamic society and to nullify the plans of the opposition.
In short the speaker must be very smart, alert, attentive and well-read in the Islamic problems he must take full advantage of this great event for the progress of the Muslims and the Islamic causes.
In a hadis from imam Ali ibn Moosarriza we read: the speech of the Friday namaz is defined such that the Friday congregational namaz is a programme for the common man. The Almighty God wants to give an opportunity to the leader of the Muslims and inspire them to follow to obey. And fear to commit sin before the God and make them aware regarding the religious and worldly affairs. Make them inform about the important news and incidents reaches from the various points of the world that is effective in getting the yield and avoid the loss for their future. There are two speeches, in one of them the divine applause, admiration and praise should be done. And in another speech their needs, warnings should be defined and must be held the prayers. And announce the affairs, commands, areas which is directly in contact with the advantages and disadvantages of the Islamic society and inform them.

The conditions of Friday namaz to convert into obligatory
The leading imam must be just like any other imam , there is no doubt in it but the thing we have to know that, are they any conditions exist more than that or not?
Even they believe that this namaz is the obligatory duty of infallible imam or his representative. Or in another words it is related to the period of the presence of infallible imam.
Whereas most of the scholars believe that this condition is objectively necessary for the Friday congregational namaz. But for optional obligation this condition is not necessary. In the period of the absence of infallible imam the Friday congregational prayers as well can be established and it can be replaced by the midday namaz (zohr) and the truth is that when the Islamic government with all that conditions is appointed by the general representative of the infallible imam, precautionary the (spiritual leader) imam of Friday namaz must be appointed by the infallible imam and the Muslims must attend the Friday namaz.
Regarding this matter related to the other problems, there are many arguments for which it has no space here to discuss more about it. It is to be searched in the books of the Islamic jurisprudence and hadis.
O the Merciful God! Grant us ability to gain the benefits in the ultimate manner, from this great ceremonial gathering for the preparation of the soul and liberation of the Muslims from the clutches of the enemies.
O the Provider God! Bring us among those people who are eager to meet you and have no fear of death.
O Almighty God! Never eradicate from us the blessings of faith, education and nurture granted to us by all the messengers.
Ameen! O the Provider of the entire universe