The term أ¤أµأ¦أڈأ¶أ­ is taken from the principle word أ¤أڈأ‡ which has the meaning, to exclaim and here it has the meaning of azan. As in Islam there is no other call for namaz except the azan. So that in the ayat 58 of the of sura e Maida also we read: Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)

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And when you call to prayer they make it a mockery and a joke; this is because they are a people who do not understand.
When you call the people towards the namaz (announce the azan) they take it easy and mock. It is because they are a insane people.
Like this manner when the call of Friday azan is raised, the people are responsible to leave their dealings and rush towards the namaz which is the most important resource to remember the benevolent God.
The terms أگأ³أ،أ¶أںأµأ£أ؛ أژأ³أ­أ؛أ‘أ± أ،أ¸أ³أںأµأ£أ؛ indicates, this is the declaration of namaz to leave the work. This has the benefits for the Muslims if they think properly over it. The Almighty God does not need any body and he is kind upon everybody.
This sentence is a short indication towards the philosophy and the benefits of Friday namaz which by the will of mighty God we will discuss it later in the discussion of the points.
Of course regarding the prevention of buying and selling it has the vast meaning which includes every kind of disturbing issue.
But why the Friday is named as Juma it is for the gathering of the people in that day for the performing of namaz. This matter has its history which will be argued in the discussion of the points.
Interestingly in some of the Islamic narrations it is mentioned about the daily prayers. “When the daily prayer is arranged do not run to take part in it and step very gently. But about the Friday namaz the ayat says: أ‌أ³أ‡أ“أ؛أڑأ³أ¦أ؛أ‡ (be hurry) it proves the extra ordinary importance of Friday namaz congregation.
The meaning of أگأ¶أںأ؛أ‘أ¶ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ in the first place is namaz. On the other hand we know that the speech of the Friday namaz is blended with the remembrance of Allah. In fact it is a part of the Friday congregation. Therefore we have to be in hurry to take part in it.
In the next ayat it adds: when the namaz is finished, you are free to disperse in the land for gaining the benefits granted by Almighty. Remember the merciful God repeatedly so that to reach the right path.
The term أ¦أ³أ‡أˆأ؛أٹأ³أ›أµأ¦أ‡ أ£أ¶أ¤ أ‌أ³أ–أ؛أ،أ¶ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ¶ (seek the favours of the beneficent God) or the terms similar to it in the noble Quran often presented as the meaning of gaining the livelihood, earning or business. But it is evident that the meaning of the sentence is vast, where earning and business are included in it. Hence some defined that the visiting of ailing, meeting the believers or the gaining of knowledge though it is not limited up till here.
Untold it is obvious that the command to disperse in land and earn the daily needs is not an essential matter. But the so-called command after the prohibition and forbidding and it is a evidence of permission. But some of the people from this term believe that to earn the living after the Friday prayer has the blessing and desirable thing. In a hadis it is narrated the prophet peace be upon him was visiting the bazar after the Friday namaz.
The ayat أ¦أ³أ‡أگأ؛أںأµأ‘أµأ¦أ‡ أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ³ أںأ³أ‹أ¶أ­أ‘أ°أ‡ indicates towards the remembrance of Allah taala for all the blessing he bestowed upon the man. Some had defined the word أ¦أ³أ‡أگأ؛أںأµأ‘أµأ¦أ‡ as the meaning of thinking. It is narrated in such a way that thinking of an hour is better than worshipping a year.
Some defined this matter as the interest the Almighty creator bestows at the time of the peoples dealing. And not crossing the limits of the rules of truth and justice.
But it is evident that this ayat has the extensive meaning which includes all the above mentioned matters. It is certain as well that the soul of recital is the person’s thought. And the recital without the thought is not more than a gibbering of tongue. The act which is the source of the wellbeing and salvation is the recital blended with the thoughts about all the matters.
Basically the continuation of the recital causes the remembrance of Almighty to infuse in man. It burns the roots of negligence and ignorance which is the cause of the every kind of sin and brings the man in the way of wellbeing and salvation to achieve the truth of the أ،أ¸أ³أڑأ³أ،أ¸أ³أںأµأ£أ؛ أٹأµأ‌أ؛أ،أ¶أچأµأ¦أ¤أ³
The last ayat under discussion is about those people who left the prophet peace be upon him alone and rushed towards the bazar to buy from the caravan that just arrived. It condemned severely and said: when it comes across the commercial and entertaining things, they get dispersed and run towards it and leave you standing alone while addressing the speech of Friday congregational namaz.

But tell them what ever is near Almighty God, it is better than commercial and entertaining things and the merciful God is the best provider.

The divine virtues and rewards
And the blessing, virtues and rewards in attending the Friday congregational namaz and hearing the preaching of the prophet peace be upon him and the spiritual training which we gain cannot be compared to anything in world. If you fear that your sustenance will be going to cut down then you are wrong. The Almighty Allah is the best provider.
The term أ‡أ،أ،أ¸أ³أ¥أ؛أ¦ the entertaining things is indicating towards the drum and other entertaining instruments those were used to play at the time of newly arrived caravan in the city of Medina. It is a kind of announcement as well as the source of entertainment and advertisement of the product. Same as today’s world too you can see in the malls that are established in the western style.
The term أ‡أ¤أ‌أ³أ–أ¸أµأ¦أ‡ means to disperse and leave the namaz and going towards the caravan that is defined in the shan e nuzul when the caravan of Dahya entered the Medina (then he did not accepted the Islam) by the sounds of drum and other instruments of amusement called the people towards the bazar. The people of Medina even the Muslims who were engaged in hearing the speech of Friday namaz they too ran towards him, only thirteen, by the chronicle lesser than that remained in the mosque.
The pronoun in the term أ…أ¶أ،أ³أ­أ؛أ¥أ³أ‡ turns towards the business that means they rushed towards the selling products. It is for the reason that there real intention was not the entertainment but it is the preface of the caravan’s entrance and the entertainment and advertisement for the product along with that.
The term أ‍أ³أ‡أ†أ¶أ£أ°أ‡ shows that the prophet peace be upon him is standing and giving the speech of the Friday namaz. Hence in the hadis by Jabir bin Samra is quoted who said: I never saw the prophet peace be upon him is sitting while giving the Friday speech and whoever says that he gives the Friday speech in the sitting position, you deny him.
It is narrated that someone asked the Abdullah bin Masood: does the prophet peace be upon him was in a standing position while giving the Friday speech. He replied: do not you heard that the Almighty stated أٹأ³أ‘أ³أںأµأ¦أںأ³ أ‍أ³أ‡أ†أ¶أ£أ°أ‡ that means they leave you there in standing position.
In the tafsir (definition of quran) Durr e Mansur it is revealed that the first person who gave the Friday prayer’s speech in the sitting position was the Muavia ibn Abu Sufyan.

The first Friday Prayer in Islam
In some of the Islamic narrations it is mentioned that the Muslims of Madina before the migration of the prophet peace be upon him discussed to themselves and said: the Jews once in a week (Saturday) conduct the gathering and the Christians as well gather once in a week (Sundays) for the congregation. It is better we too decide a particular day for our congregation, to assemble that day for the prayers and thanks the Almighty. For this cause they selected the day before the Saturday which was then called the day of Aruba. They approached As’ad bin Zarara, one of the chief of Medina city. He prayed the congregational namaz with them and advised them, that day was named as the day of Juma. As it was the day of أ‡أŒأٹأ£أ‡أڑ (gathering) of Muslims.
As’ad ordered to slaughter a sheep and they consumed the lunch and dinner with that same meat of single sheep as the numbers of the Muslims was very less.
This was the first Friday recognized for the Muslims.
But the first Friday that was established by the prophet peace be upon him and his companions were in the occurrence when they migrated to Medina and entered that city. That day was Monday twelfth of Rabial awwal midday. His Excellency remained in the Quba and laid the foundation of the Quba mosque. Then on Friday started their journey towards the Medina (the distance between the Medina and the Quba is very less, today Quba is one of the interior quarter of the medina city). At the mid Friday reached the quarters of Bani Salem they organised the Friday namaz there. And this was the first Friday which the prophet peace be upon him organised the congregational namaz and all of the Muslims prayed together. And he addressed the people after the Friday namaz which was the first speech of the prophet peace be upon him in the Medina.
One of the narrators Abdur rahman bin ka’b quoted that his father whenever was hearing the call of azan was sending the blessing upon As’ad bin Zarara when I asked the reason for it. He said: because he was the first person who prayed the Friday congregational namaz with us. I asked: How many were attended thin that namaz? He said: only forty people.

The importance of Friday namaz
The best reason for the importance of observing this big Islamic responsibility is above everything are the aayaat of this sura which orders the Muslims and the believers that as soon as they heard the call of Friday azan they must rush towards it and leave every type of affair and the program that get in the way of you. If the people are going through the deficiency of the food and the caravan that brought their needed thing had arrived, they have no right to go towards it before the Friday namaz and they have to be engaged in their schedule of namaz.
In the Islamic narrations they emphasised much upon this issue. In the speech that is quoted by the prophet peace be upon him it is mentioned: the mighty God made Friday namaz compulsory upon you. The one who leaves it for belittling it and refusing it in my life time or after my death god the merciful will made him disappointed. Be aware his zakat (charity) will not be accepted and be careful his haj will not be recognized and his virtues deeds will not be accepted till he seeks repentance for this act from the merciful god.
In another hadis from imam Muhammad Baqir we read: the Friday namaz is compulsory and gathering in it with the infallible imam (the spiritual leader) is compulsory. Any time when a man without any excuse leaves three Friday congregational namaz which is obligatory, he is a hypocrite.
In another hadis from the messenger of Allah peace be upon him we read: the person who for the sake of his believes faithfully attends the Friday congregational namaz, all his sins will be forgiven and the programs of his deeds will be start from the beginning.
There are many narrations in this subject their definition will get lengthy, here by indicating towards another hadis, we will end this topic here.
A person came to prophet peace be upon him and said: O messenger of Allah! Many a times I prepared myself for going to haj but I was unable to visit the pilgrimage of haj. He replied: The Friday congregational namaz is the haj of the poor people (pointed out the most of the blessings of haj, the great Islamic assembly is present in the Friday congregational namaz).
Of course we must pay thoughtfulness that the excessive condemnation about abandoning the namaz of Friday congregation is sinful. Those who left behind the Friday congregational namaz they are counted in the row of hypocrites. It is in the case when it is impartially compulsory. That means in the period of infallible imam and his expansion. Therefore in the period of imam’s absence it is exceptional compulsory. (Selection between Friday namaz and the noon prayers) it must not be done to belittle or deny the Friday prayers else it will be counted in the condemnation. Though the greatness of the Friday congregation namaz and its immense importance is safe (more definition in this topic to be read in the books of Islamic jurisprudence.

3- The philosophy of the political Friday namaz
The Friday namaz above everything is a large gathering and its common effect is, it softens the soul and the feelings and washes the pollutions in the heart and polishes the rust of the sins from the heart. Specifically it has two speeches mainly that include the various sermons and preaching and the commands of piety and virtuousness.
But socially and politically it is a great assembly of the weak after the yearly assembly of the Haj and it is biggest Islamic assembly. For this reason it is quoted earlier in the narration from the prophet peace be upon him that the Friday namaz is the haj of those who have no financial ability to go for it.
In fact Islam gives importance to three gatherings.
Such as The daily gathering of congregational namaz,
The weakly gathering at the occasion of the Friday congregational namaz and the gathering of Haj near the house of Allah taala that takes place once in a year. The role of Friday namaz is most important. One of the schedules of the speaker in the Friday congregational namaz is to discuss about the social, economical and political problems. Like this manner this excessive magnificent gathering can become the source of the blessings mentioned below:
A: to give awareness to the people on the background of Islamic education and important social and political events.
B: to create more and more correlations and solidarity in the rows of the Muslims, in such a manner that creates fear in the heart of enemy and give them a tremor.
C: to renew the religious life-force and spiritual delight in the masses of people.
For this reason the enemies of Islam are fearful always with the Friday namaz that is following exactly all the Islamic commands.
For this reason as well the Friday namaz is always like a powerful political control at the hands of the rulers. However the just rulers, like the ruler ship of the greatest prophet peace be upon him extracted more and more benefits from it for their own favour and the rulers of cruel Bani Umayya for building their most powerful base, misused it.
During the period of history we come across the instances that anyone who wanted to raise against the government he first used to avoid to attend the Friday congregational prayer. Therefore we read in the history of Ashura that a group of shia gathered in the house of the Sulaiman bin Sard Khazaee and sent a letter to the Imam Husain alaihis salam from Kufa, in that letter it was mentioned that Numan bin Basheer the governor of Kufa who belongs to Bani ummayya had retired himself, we are not attending his Friday namaz congregation. as soon as we come to know you had proceeded towards us, we will make him out of the Kufa.
In the Sahife Sajjadia by Imam Sajjad Ali ibn Husain we read: O benevolent God! (Indicating towards the place of Friday prayers and the namaz of eid e Qurban) said: it is a place belongs specifically to the dignitary rulers and governors. And (the cruel rulers of Bani Umayyad usurped it with their power from the virtues rulers).
Often it happened that the enemies of Islam the entire week, day and night propagated poisonously against it. But by a single speech in the magnificent and dynamic Friday congregational prayers their plans gets neutralised and blows a new spirit in the bodies and the fresh blood begins to flow in the veins. It should be given attention that according to the shia sect, the Friday namaz is not permitted to be held in the limits of one farsaq(6.24 km) by one farsaq, even those who are situated in the two farsaq (almost 11 km) of the place of Friday namaz congregation they attend that namaz. It is clear that practically in every city, town or its out skirts not more than one Friday namaz can be conducted. Therefore it becomes the magnificent gathering of that area.
But regretfully this social and political gathering instead of getting the source of great movement in the Islamic societies because of the influence of the filthy government in some of Islamic countries has become soulless and spirit less. Practically no positive effect can be obtained out of it. It just takes the aspect of a formality. Truly one has to shed the tears for these great wealth sources that are going out of the hands.
The most important namaz of the year is the Friday congregational namaz which is conducted before going to Arafat where at the end of haj all the pilgrims from all over the world gather at Mecca, actually they are representatives of the entire Islamic block in the world. It is essential for preparing the speech of such a sensitive namaz (Friday congregational namaz in Arafat) a large group of scholars must read for weeks and months and present its yield as a historical speech on that sensitive day. Certainly by the blessing of that congregational namaz they can give magnificent information to the Islamic society and solve the key problems.
But disappointedly it is assumed that in present days they bring into light the most worn off problems and define it before the people and everyone is almost aware of the matters, but regarding the basic rules nobody knows about it.
Does not it need to shed the tears upon missing these precious opportunities and the abundant wealth and stand up for its amendment?

4- The rules of Friday namaz and the contents of its speech
The Friday namaz with all its essential rules is compulsory upon the healthy and adult men who are able to attend in that namaz and it is not compulsory upon the old people and the travellers though to attend this namaz is allowed for them. Same way the ladies can attend the Friday congregational namaz though it not compulsory for them.
The least number of people for the attending the Friday congregational namaz is five males. The Friday namaz is two rakat and takes the place of the namaz zohr (the namaz of noon). There are two speeches which are addressed before the Friday namaz. And it is counted as the two remaining rakat of namz zohr.
Friday namaz is like the morning namaz and it is supererogatory (Mustahab). Hamd and sura is commended to be recited aloud in that namaz. In the first rakat sura e Juma must be recited and sura e munafiqeen must be delivered in second rakat.
The Friday namaz has two qunut, it is optional (Mustahab) one before the ruku of first rakat and another after the ruku of second rakat.
It is compulsory to address the two speeches before Friday namaz and the standing of the speaker while giving the speech is compulsory as well. The person who addressed the speech, the same person must lead the Friday congregational namaz.
The speaker must keep his voice aloud in such a manner that all the people present there might be able to hear the contents of his speech.
When the speaker address the people they must keep silent and hear the words of the speaker, all the faces of audience must be towards the speaker.
It is worthy the speaker must be an eloquent and studious man who must be aware of every circumstances, the conditions and the interests of the Muslim society and brave, frankly spoken and firm in the expression of the truth. His deeds and behaviour must create deep effect in his speech and his life attracts the people towards the remembrance of the benevolent God.
It is praiseworthy for him to wear the tidiest and perfumed dress and walk with dignified and confident steps. He must wish salam as soon as he is stands on the height of pulpit facing the people. And lean upon the sword, bow or stick till the end of azan he must sit on the pulpit. When the azan is finished after the people getting comfort he must start the speech.
The content of the speech first must start by the praise of almighty Allah and send the blessing to the prophet peace be upon him (preferable it must be in the Arabic language but the rest of the speech must be addressed in the language of the audience). Then advice the people towards the divine piety and he have to recite one of the short sura of the noble Quran and following this matter in both of the speeches. In the second speech after sending the blessing (durud) towards the prophet peace be upon him and the spiritual leader and seek the forgiveness for the men and women believers.
It is admirable; it must be discussed in the speech the important matters related to the religion and the worldly affairs of the Muslims in the world. And whatever is required by the Muslims, inside or outside the country and the political, social, economic and religious problems, keeping in the mind the priorities must inform the people regarding the plots of the enemies. And remind the short and long period programmes for the safety of the Islamic society and to nullify the plans of the opposition.
In short the speaker must be very smart, alert, attentive and well-read in the Islamic problems he must take full advantage of this great event for the progress of the Muslims and the Islamic causes.
In a hadis from imam Ali ibn Moosarriza we read: the speech of the Friday namaz is defined such that the Friday congregational namaz is a programme for the common man. The Almighty God wants to give an opportunity to the leader of the Muslims and inspire them to follow to obey. And fear to commit sin before the God and make them aware regarding the religious and worldly affairs. Make them inform about the important news and incidents reaches from the various points of the world that is effective in getting the yield and avoid the loss for their future. There are two speeches, in one of them the divine applause, admiration and praise should be done. And in another speech their needs, warnings should be defined and must be held the prayers. And announce the affairs, commands, areas which is directly in contact with the advantages and disadvantages of the Islamic society and inform them.

The conditions of Friday namaz to convert into obligatory
The leading imam must be just like any other imam, there is no doubt in it but the thing we have to know that, are they any conditions exist more than that or not?
Even they believe that this namaz is the obligatory duty of infallible imam or his representative. Or in another words it is related to the period of the presence of infallible imam.
Whereas most of the scholars believe that this condition is objectively necessary for the Friday congregational namaz. But for optional obligation this condition is not necessary. In the period of the absence of infallible imam the Friday congregational prayers as well can be established and it can be replaced by the midday namaz (zohr) and the truth is that when the Islamic government with all that conditions is appointed by the general representative of the infallible imam, precautionary the (spiritual leader) imam of Friday namaz must be appointed by the infallible imam and the Muslims must attend the Friday namaz.
Regarding this matter related to the other problems, there are many arguments for which it has no space here to discuss more about it. It is to be searched in the books of the Islamic jurisprudence and hadis.
O the Merciful God! Grant us ability to gain the benefits in the ultimate manner, from this great ceremonial gathering for the preparation of the soul and liberation of the Muslims from the clutches of the enemies.
O the Provider God! Bring us among those people who are eager to meet you and have no fear of death.
O Almighty God! Never eradicate from us the blessings of faith, education and nurture granted to us by all the messengers.
Ameen! O the Provider of the entire universe