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Congregational prayers
By: Ayatullah Fadhil Milani
Muslims are encouraged to offer prayer in congregation and it is considered that the larger the congregation, the greater the blessing of the prayer will be. Authentic ahadith record that congregational prayer has 25 times greater benefit than prayer not offered in congregation. Indeed, it is not considered appropriate for anyone to abandon congregational prayer without justifiable excuse. Even if one has already offered a specific prayer, it is highly recommended to join a congregation about to offer it. Those who frequently entertain doubts concerning the correctness of their prayers are required to alleviate such doubts by offering their prayers in congregation.
The qualifications required by those who lead congregational prayer
To lead congregational prayer the Imam must be adult, sane, Ithna Ashari Shiah and Adil - righteous. Further, the Imam needs to be well acquainted with rulings that relate to prayers in general and, in particular, those that relate to congregational prayer. A male may lead both genders but a woman may only lead other women. Those not able to stand, bow or prostrate may not lead congregational prayers.
โข While the Imam delivers the opening surah and second short surah of the Qurโan - in the first and second rakaat - those who follow must remain silent. However, members of the congregation are required to participate in a soft voice, so as not to be overheard โ โsotto-voceโ - in the recitation of all the other passages the Imam recites.
โข Those who join congregational prayer - prior to the Imam raising his head from ruku in the first rakaah - utter Takbir al-Ihram, follow the Imam and are considered to have started the prayer together with the congregation. Those who join later than this must wait until the Imam stands for the next rakaah.
Making up for missed prayers
When any obligatory prayer is missed, whatever the reason, it must be made up for. It is highly recommended for this to be done as soon as is possible. However, if one is not absolutely clear about the precise number of prayers that need to be compensated for, to be on the safe side, one should adopt the maximum that one is certain will fulfill these missed obligations.
Missed prayers are to be compensated for in the form that they were missed, e.g. those shortened during travel should be offered in shortened form. One has to specify in the niyyah that the prayer to be offered is in compensation.
The prayer for the departing soul (Salat al-Janazah)
Salat al-Janazah should be offered as soon as possible after the deceased's body has been bathed, shrouded and anointed with camphor. The Salat alยญ Janazah may take place at home, in a mosque, graveyard or elsewhere in the open. Although women may not enter a mosque during periods of menstruation - hiad - they may enter Islamic centers not designated as mosques. A building is only officially recognized as a mosque after the owner, donor or charity - waqf - committee in charge of it, announces the intention for it to be designated as such. Although the state of ritual purity - wudhuโ - is a requirement of Salah, in circumstances in which the making of wudhuโ is likely to result in the Salat al-Janazah being missed, it may be offered even if one is not in the state of wudhuโ. This applies equally to women in hayd, absolved from the duties of salah, who may join at one side of the congregation.
โข This is a manifestation of Allah's mercy for, no matter what their circumยญ stance, all may participate in prayer for a departed soul. Salat al-Janazah is the only salah for which no adhan or iqamah is called. The only time both adhan and iqamah are called and not followed by Salah, is after the birth of a baby, when the adhan is called softly in its right ear and the iqamah in its left.
โข Congregational Salat al-Janazah is offered standing facing the direction of the qiblah. The deceased's shrouded body, lying on its back, is laid on a bier or in a coffin, in front of the congregation. It is placed with the head to the right of the congregation and the feet to its left. The Imam positions himself in front of the chest area of a woman and the navel of a man. The congregation stands in lines behind the Imam, makes the intention to offer Salat al-Janazah for the deceased's soul, raise their hands to their ears to pronounce Allahu Akbar - takbir - and follow the Imam in reciting the prayer in a low voice. Those unable to stand may of course sit while doing this.
How to offer Salat al-Janazah
According to Imamiyah fiqh, both Imam and congregation pronounce five takbirs and between each, the Imam recites either the shorter or the longer passages aloud, with the congregation doing so silently. Imam Jafar asยญSadiq (a.s.) said, 'Allah made five prayers obligatory, and appointed one takbir for the deceased in the place of each prayer.' He also referred to the Prophet (S) offering five takbirs for all the deceased, other than hypocrites, for whom he only offered four. However, the four Sunni schools of law only consider four takbirs to be necessary.
Salat al-Janazah becomes obligatory once a deceased Muslim is six years or over.
1st Takbir
Allahu Akbar
Then either: I bear witness that there is no Divinity but Allah and that Muhammad (S) is Allah's Messenger.
Phonetic transliteration
Ashhadu an la ilaha ilialah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah.
or: I bear witness that there is no Divinity but Allah the One, who has no associates. And I bear witness that Muhammad (S) is His Servant and Messenger, sent to convey Truth, and give warnings and good tidings before the Day of Judgement.
Phonetic transliteration
Ashhadu an la ilaha illalahu wahdahu la sharika lah. Wa Ashadu anna Muhammadan abdahu wa Rasuluh, arsalahu bil haqqi bashiran wa nathiran bayna yaday is saโah.
2nd Takbir
Allahu Akbar
Then either: O Lord! Bestow peace and blessings upon Muhammad (S) and his progeny.
Phonetic transliteration
Alla humma salli ala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammad.
or: O Lord! Bestow peace upon Muhammad (S) and his progeny and bless Muhammad (S) and his progeny and send Your Mercy upon Muhammad (S) and his progeny as the best of Your peace, blessing and mercy was bestowed upon Ibrahim and his progeny. You are The Praised and The All-Glorious. Bestow peace upon all the Prophets, Messengers and martyrs.
Phonetic transliteration
Alla humma salli โala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammad wa barik โala Muhammadin wa aali Muhammad warham Muhammadan wa ala Muhammadin ka afzali ma sallayta wa barakata wa tarahamta โala Ibrahima wa aali Ibrahima innaka Hamidun Majid wa salli ala jami il anbiya' wal mursalin, was-shuhada was-siddiqin wa jamri โibadilla his-salihin.
3rd Takbir
Allahu Akbar
Then either: O Lord! Forgive all believing men and women.
Phonetic transliteration
Allah hummaghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minat.
or: O Lord! Forgive all believing men and women and all Muslim men and women, alive or dead; join us with them by good deeds. You are the Listener of prayers The All Powerful.
Phonetic transliteration
Allahumma ghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minat wal muslimina wal muslimat. alahya 'I minhum wal amwat tabi baynana wa baynahum bil khayrati innaka mujibud-dawat innak ala kulli shay'in Qadir.
4th Takbir
Allahu Akbar
Then either: O Lord! Forgive this dead person.
Phonetic transliteration
(For a male) - Allahumma ghfir li hazal mayyit.
(For a female) - Allahumma ghfir li hazihil mayyit.
or: O Lord, this is Your servant the son/daughter of Your servants, Your guest and You are the best of Hosts. O Lord, we know him/her by his/her good conduct but You know him/her better than we do. O Lord, if he/she was a doer of good, increase their good for them. If on the other hand he/she was a doer of evil, forgive him/her. O Lord, lift him/her to the highest level and console the bereaved. You are the All Merciful.
Phonetic transliteration
(For a male) - Alla humma inna haza abduka wabnu abdika wabnu amatika nazala bika wa anta khayru manzulin bihi Alla humma inna la nalamu minhu ilia khayra wa anta aalamu bihi minna. Alla humma in kana mohsinan fa zid fi ihsanihi wa in kana musi'an fatajawaz anhu waghfir lahu. Allahumma jโalhu indaka fi aโla โilliyyin wakhluf ala ahlihi fil ghabirin warhamhu bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimin.
(For a female) -Alla humma inna hazihi amatuka wabnatu abdika wabnatu amatika nazalalat bika wa anta khayra manzulin bihi Allahumma inna la naโlamu minha ilia khayra wa anta aโalamu biha minna.Allahumma in kanat mohsinatan fa zid fi ihsaniha wa in kanat musi'atan fatajawaz โanha waghfir laha.Allahumma jโal ha โindaka fi aโla โilliyyin wakhluf โala ahliha fil ghabirin warhamha bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimin.
5th Takbir
Allahu Akbar
9.6 Voluntary prayers
In section 9.5 we discussed the obligatory - fard - prayers that constitute a 'pillar' of the Islamic religion. However, as constant communication with the Creator is highly recommended, additional prayers, over and above the obligatory, are commonly offered. Some additional prayers - nafilah (pl. nawafil) - are customarily appended to fard prayers, others are not.
Voluntary rakaโat are invariably offered in pairs, i.e. four rakaโat being made up of two sets of two rakaโat.
Voluntary prayers that are appended are:
โข Two rakaโat prior to the Fajr prayer
โข Eight rakaโat prior to the Duhr prayer
โข Eight rakaโat prior to the โAsr prayer
โข Four rakaโat after the Maghrib prayer
โข Two rakโaat after the โIsha' prayer while sitting - despite this being considered to equate to only a single rakacah performed while standing.
โข Eleven rakโaat for the midnight prayer
A total of 34 rakaโat
Thus, the rakaโat offered in any one day - 17 fard + 34 nawafil: total 51.
Voluntary prayers include the following.
The prayer related to Jafar, son of Abu Talib
Numerous authentic reports refer to its outstanding effectiveness as an expression of contrition in seeking forgiveness for major sin. The most appropriate time to offer this four-rakaat prayer is thought to be a half hour after sunrise on a Friday morning.
The first pair: In the first rakaโah, Surah 99 - Al-Zilzal - is recited after Al-Fatihah, and in the second rakaโah, Surah 100 -Al-Adiyat - is recited after Al-Fatihah.
Al-Zilzal - The Earthquake - Qurโan 99
 รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ 
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
ร
รถรรณร รรตรกรบรรถรกรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรต รรถรกรบรรณรรกรณรฅรณร {1}
When the earth is shaken to her (utmost) convulsion,
รฆรณรรณรรบรรณรรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรต รรณรรบรรณรรกรณรฅรณร {2}
And the earth throws up her burdens (from within),
รฆรณรรณรรกรณ รรกรบร
รถรครบรรณรรครต รฃรณร รกรณรฅรณร {3}
And man cries (distressed): 'What is the matter with her?'-
รญรณรฆรบรฃรณรรถรรฒ รรตรรณรรธรถรรต รรณรรบรรณรรรณรฅรณร {4}
On that Day will she declare her tidings:
รรถรรณรครธรณ รรณรรธรณรรณ รรณรฆรบรรณรฌٰ รกรณรฅรณร {5}
For that thy Lord will have given her inspiration.
รญรณรฆรบรฃรณรรถรรฒ รญรณรรบรรตรรต รรกรครธรณรรรต รรณรรบรรณรรรฐร รกรถรญรตรรณรฆรบร รรณรรบรฃรณรรกรณรฅรตรฃรบ {6}
On that Day will men proceed in companies sorted out, to be shown the deeds that they (had done).
รรณรฃรณรครบ รญรณรรบรฃรณรกรบ รฃรถรรบรรณรรกรณ รรณรรธรณรรฒ รรณรญรบรรฐร รญรณรรณรฅรต {7}
Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good, see it!
รฆรณรฃรณรครบ รญรณรรบรฃรณรกรบ รฃรถรรบรรณรรกรณ รรณรรธรณรรฒ รรณรรธรฐร รญรณรรณรฅรต {8}
And anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil, shall see it.
Al-Adiyat - The Chargers - Qurโan 100
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รฆรณรรกรบรรณรรรถรญรณรรรถ รรณรรบรรฐร {1}
By the (Steeds) that run, with panting (breath),
รรณรรกรบรฃรตรฆรรถรญรณรรรถ รรณรรบรรฐร {2}
And strike sparks of fire,
รรณรรกรบรฃรตรรถรญรรณรรรถ รรตรรบรรฐร {3}
And push home the charge in the morning,
รรณรรณรรณรรบรครณ รรถรฅรถ รครณรรบรรฐร {4}
And raise the dust in clouds the while,
รรณรฆรณรรณรรบรครณ รรถรฅรถ รรณรฃรบรรฐร {5}
And penetrate forthwith into the midst (of the foe) en masse;-
ร
รถรครธรณ รรกรบร
รถรครบรรณรรครณ รกรถรรณรรธรถรฅรถ รกรณรรณรครตรฆรรฑ {6}
Truly man is, to his Lord, ungrateful;
รฆรณร
รถรครธรณรฅรต รรณรกรณรฌٰ รรณٰรกรถรรณ รกรณรรณรฅรถรญรรฑ {7}
And to that (fact) he bears witness (by his deeds);
รฆรณร
รถรครธรณรฅรต รกรถรรตรรธรถ รรกรบรรณรญรบรรถ รกรณรรณรรถรญรรฑ {8}
And violent is he in his love of wealth.
รรณรรณรกรณร รญรณรรบรกรณรฃรต ร
รถรรณร รรตรรบรรถรรณ รฃรณร รรถรญ รรกรบรรตรรตรฆรรถ {9}
Does he not know, when that which is in the graves is scattered abroad
รฆรณรรตรรธรถรกรณ รฃรณร รรถรญ รรกรรธรตรรตรฆรรถ {10}
And that which is (locked up) in (human) breasts is made manifest-
ร
รถรครธรณ รรณรรธรณรฅรตรฃรบ รรถรฅรถรฃรบ รญรณรฆรบรฃรณรรถรรฒ รกรณรรณรรถรญรรฑ {11}
That their Lord had been Well-acquainted with them, (even to) that Day?
The second pair: In the first rakaโah, Surah 110 - Al-Nasr - is recited after Al-Fatihah and in the second rakaโah, Surah 112 - Al-Ikhlas - is recited after Al-Fatihah.
Al-Nasr - Victory - Qurโan 110
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
ร
รถรรณร รรณรรรณ รครณรรบรรต รรกรกรธรณรฅรถ รฆรณรรกรบรรณรรบรรต {1}
When comes the Help of Allah, and Victory,
รฆรณรรณรรณรญรบรรณ รรกรครธรณรรรณ รญรณรรบรรตรกรตรฆรครณ รรถรญ รรถรญรครถ รรกรกรธรณรฅรถ รรณรรบรฆรณรรรฐร {2}
And thou dost see the people enter Allah's Religion in crowds,
รรณรรณรรธรถรรบ รรถรรณรฃรบรรถ รรณรรธรถรรณ รฆรณรรรบรรณรรบรรถรรบรฅรต ۚ ร
รถรครธรณรฅรต รรณรรครณ รรณรฆรธรณรรรฐร {3}
Celebrate the praises of thy Lord, and pray for His Forgiveness: For He is Oft-Returning (in Grace and Mercy).
Al-Tawhid - Monotheism - Also Called Al-Ikhlas โ Sincerity - Qurโan 112
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รรตรกรบ รฅรตรฆรณ รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรณรรณรรฑ {1}
Say: He is Allah, the One and Only;
รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรกรรธรณรฃรณรรต {2}
Allah, the Eternal, Absolute;
รกรณรฃรบ รญรณรกรถรรบ รฆรณรกรณรฃรบ รญรตรฆรกรณรรบ {3}
He begetteth not, nor is He begotten;
รฆรณรกรณรฃรบ รญรณรรตรครบ รกรณรฅรต รรตรรตรฆรฐร รรณรรณรรฑ {4}
And there is none like unto Him.
In both pairs of rakaโat the following is repeated - as outlined below: Translation
Allah is glorified and praised, there is no Divinity but Him, He is The Most Great.
Phonetic transliteration
โSubbana Allahi wal Hamdu lilahi wa La ilaha ilia Alahu wa Alluhu Akbarโ.
15 times after recitation of the two surahs,
10 times during each ruku,
10 times while standing after ruku,
10 times during each sajdah,
10 times while sitting between the two sajdahs,
and,
10 times while sitting after the second sajdah.
The above glorification - tasbih - is thus recited 75 times in each rakaโah
- taking the total number in this prayer to 300.
โข Shaykh Koleini reports, on the authority of Imam Jafar as-Sadiq that he taught one of his companions to recite the following supplication in the last sajdah of the fourth rakaโah, immediately after the completion of the ten tasbih.
รรกรร รรกรรรร รรกรรญรธรร
รรตรรบรรณรรครณ รฃรณรครบ รกรณรรถรรณ ٱรกรบรรถรรธรณ รฆรณٱรกรบรฆรณรรณรรรณยก รรตรรบรรณรรค รฃรณรครบ รรณรรณรรธรณรรณ รรถٱรกรบรฃรณรรบรรถ รฆรณรรณรรณรรธรณรฃรณ รรถรฅรถยก รรตรรบรรณรรครณ รฃรณรครบ รกรรณ
รญรณรครบรรณรรถรญ ٱรกรรธรณรรบรรถรญรรต ร
รถรกรรธรณ รกรณรฅรตยก รรตรรบรรณรรครณ รฃรณรครบ รรรบรรณรฌٰ รรตรกรธรณ รรณรญรบรรฒ รรถรกรบรฃรตรฅรตยก รรตรรบรรณรรครณ รรถรญ ٱรกรบรฃรณรครธรถ รฆรณٱรกรครธรถรรณรฃรถยก
รรตรรบรรณรรครณ รรถรญ ٱรกรบรรตรรบรรณรรถ รฆรณٱรกรบรรณรรณรฃรถยก รรณรกรกรธรณรฅรตรฃรธรณ ร
รถรครธรถรญ รรรบรรกรตรรณ รรถรฃรณรรณรรรถรรถ ٱรกรบรรถรรธรถ รฃรถรครบ รรณรรบรรถรรณยก รฆรณรฃรตรครบรรณรฅรณรฌٰ
ٱรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรรถ รฃรถรครบ รรถรรณรรรถรรณยก รฆรณٱรรบรฃรถรรณ ٱรกรรรบรรณรฃรถยก รฆรณรรณรกรถรฃรณรรรถรรณ ٱรกรรธรณรรฃรธรณรรถยก ٱรกรธรณรรถรญ รรณรฃรธรณรรบ รรถรรบรรรฐ รฆรณรรณรรบรกรรฐยก
รรณรกรธรถ รรณรกรณรฌٰ รฃรตรรณรฃรธรณรรฒ รฆรณรรฅรบรกรถ รรณรญรบรรถรฅรถ
Subhana man labisa alizza wal waqar, Subhana man tacโtafa bil majdi wa takarama bih, Subhana man la yanbaghi al tasbihu ilia lah, Subhana man ahsa kulla shayin โilmuh, Subhana thil manni wal niyam, Subhana thil qudrati wal karam. Allahuma ini asaluka bi maโaqid etizz min โarshika wa muntaha al rahmati min kitabika, wa ismikal โazam wa kalimatik al tammah al-lati tamat sidqan wa adlan salli ala Muhammadin wa ahli baytihi wafโal bi ...
Glorified is the One of Honour and Dignity, Glorified is the Sole source of every bounty, Glorified is the One to whom glorification exclusively belongs, Glorified is the Omniscient One who encompasses all,Glorified is the Sole source of Power and Generosity. O Allah, I ask by the elements of Glory that uphold Your Throne, by Your abundant Mercy and Your Greatest Name to bestow Your Mercy and Blessing upon Muhammad (S) and his progeny and grant me ... [mention your individual wishes].
It is considered to be particularly meritorious to recite the above prayer in the Holy Shrine of Imam Ar-Ridhaโ (a.s.) - Alamah Majlisi quotes from Shaykh Husayn ibn Abdul Samad through his teachers that, if a visitor to the shrine of Imam Ar-Ridhaโ (a.s.) or other Imams recites the above prayer, there will be recorded for him many great rewards.
Mafitih-ul-Jinan, Keys of Heavens, translated by Murtaza Lakha,p. 520
The prayer for protection offered after Jumuah or Dhurr on a Friday
Shaykh Tusi reported from Imam Sadiq (a.s.), that if a person recites two rakaโat on a Friday, after Dhurr, and in each, after Al-Fatihah recites Surah 112 - Al-lkhlas - seven times, followed by the supplication below, protection from all afflictions is granted for the coming week, and that Allah will ensure they remain in the company of Muhammad (S) and Ibrahim (a.s.)
รรรฃรรก รญรฆรฃ รรกรรฃรร
รรณรกรกรธรณรฅรตรฃรธรณ ٱรรบรรณรกรบรครถรญ รฃรถรครบ รรฅรบรกรถ ٱรกรบรรณรครธรณรรถ ٱรกรธรณรรถรญ รรณรรตรฆรฅรณร ٱรกรบรรณรรณรรณรรต รฆรณรรตรฃรธรณรรรตรฅรณร ٱรกรบรฃรณรกรรณรรถรรณรรต รฃรณรรณ รครณรรถรญรธรถรครณร รฃรตรรณรฃรธรณรรฒ
รรณรกรธรณรฌٰ รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรณรกรณรญรบรฅรถ รฆรณรรกรถรฅรถ รฆรณรรรถรญรครณร ร
รถรรบรรณรรฅรถรญรฃรณ รรณรกรณรญรบรฅรถ ٱรกรรธรณรกรรณรฃรต
Alliihuma ij alni min ahl aljannah al lati hashwuha al-barakah wa โummaruha al-malaikah maโa nabiyna Muhammadin (S) wa abina Ibrahim (a.s.)
O Allah please place me in paradise that overflows with Your mercy and in the company of our Prophet Muhammad (S) and his forefather Ibrahim (a.s.).
Prayer offered to implore the Lord for rain
Although people do not need such prayers in those parts of the world in which there is seldom any shortage of water, many areas do suffer water shortage and drought.
The Prophet (S) taught us how we may implore the Lord for rainfall and recommended that several acts be associated with this two-raka"at prayer that is followed by an address.
โข It is offered in the outskirts of cities, except in Makkah, where it is offered in Masjid Al-Haram.
โข According to ahadith reported from Imam Sadiq (a.s.) it is better if Muslims fast for three days and offer this prayer on the third.
โข When he offered this prayer, the Prophet put his cloak on 'inside-out', so that its right shoulder rested upon his left shoulder and vice-versa. When asked why this was so he said that it was to symbolize drought beingovercome by abundance.
โข It is recommended that the Imam face the qiblah and repeat 'Allahu Akbar' 100 times, that he then turn his head to the right and repeat โSubhana Allahโ 100 times and then to the left, to repeat โLa ilaha ilia Allahโ 100 times prior to facing the congregation and repeating the phrase โAl Hamdu lilahiโ 100 times.
Thereafter, the Imam leads the prayer and delivers his address.
History records that duringa time of severe drought, Imam Ali (a.s.) left the city in order to offer this prayer and deliver the following sermon:
Be aware, the earth that bears you and the sky that covers you are obedient to their Sustainer (Allah). They do not bestow their blessing out of pity for you or for any good from you, but do so because that is what they have been commanded to do and they merely obey that command.
Allah tries His creatures with regard to their evil deeds by decreasing fruits, holding back blessings and sealing treasures, so that those who wish to repent may, and those who were negligent may develop awareness. Allah Almighty has made the seekingof His forgiveness a means for pouring livelihoods and mercy upon people,
รรณรรตรกรบรรต รรรบรรณรรบรรถรรตรฆร รรณรรธรณรรตรฃรบ ร
รถรครธรณรฅรต รรณรรครณ รรณรรธรณรรรฐร รญรตรรบรรถรกรถ รรกรรธรณรฃรณรรรณ รรณรกรณรญรบรรตรฃรบ รฃรถรรบรรณรรรฐร รฆรณรญรตรฃรบรรถรรบรรตรฃรบ รรถรรณรฃรบรฆรณรรกรฒ รฆรณรรณรครถรญรครณ รฆรณรญรณรรบรรณรกรบ รกรณรรตรฃรบ รรณรครธรณรรรฒ รฆรณรญรณรรบรรณรกรบ รกรณรรตรฃรบ รรณรครบรฅรณรรรฐร
'Seek the forgiveness of your Lord,truly He is the Oft-forgiving, He will send down upon you clouds of abundant rainfall and willprovide help for your wealth and offspring' (Qurโan 71:10-12).
'May Allah shower mercy upon those who repent and forsake sin. O Allah, we come from the shelters we have built while our children and beasts cry out for Your mercy, hope for the generosity of Your bounty and remain in fear of Your chastisement and retribution. Oh Allah, let us drink from your rainfall, do not forsake us and let the drought take our lives,do not punish us for what the foolish amongst us have committed.'35
Oh Allah, we have come to complain about something that is not hidden from You.Severe troubles have forced us, famine has driven us, distress and need have reduced us to helplessness. Oh Allah,we beseech You not to send us back disappointed, not to make us return with downcast eyes and not to treat us accordingto our own deeds.
Oh Allah, please pour Your mercy, blessing and sustenance down upon us and let us enjoy rain: to quench our thirst; to produce green herbage and bring to life again that which has withered; to bring about the benefits of freshness, plenitude and ripened fruits. With rain our rivers may flow again, our fields will be irrigated,our plants will regain foliage and the price of food will plummet. You certainly have power over whatever You will.36
Prayer offered during each of the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah
Once in a lifetime pilgrimage to Makkah is obligatory for those who can afford it. However, those unable to go, and those who have already been but nevertheless yearn for the merits of pilgrimage, are recommended to offer two rakaโat - between the Maghrib and โIsha' prayers โ during the first ten nights of Dhul-Hijjah. In both rakaโat, after reading Surah Al-Fatihah and Surah Al-Ikhlas the following ayah is recited: We called Musa into Our presence for 30 nights and kept him with Us a further 10 after that to make his stay total 40 nights. Musa said to his brother Harun,
โฆ.รรรบรกรตรรบรครถรญ รรถรญ รรณรฆรบรฃรถรญ รฆรณรรณรรบรกรถรรบ รฆรณรกรณร รรณรรธรณรรถรรบ รรณรรถรญรกรณ รรกรบรฃรตรรบรรถรรถรญรครณ
'โฆTake my place among my people, act appropriately and be cautious not to let mischief-maker influence you.' (Qurโan 7:142).
Prayers offered during the nights of the Holy Month of Ramadhan
It is highly recommended to combine the fast of Ramadhan with nightly prayer. According to authentic ahadith one should offer 1,000 voluntary rakaโat over this month in the following manner:
Over the first 20 days offer 20 rakaโat each night - eight after Maghrib and 12 after โIsha'.
Over the last ten days, offer 30 rakaโat each night - 12 after Maghrib and 18 after โIsha'.
On the 19th, 21st, and 23rd offer 100 rakaโat each night.
Important note: The Prophet (S) only stipulated that 'obligatory' prayers be offered in congregation. The custom that was followed during his lifetime was for the voluntary prayers of the nights of Ramadhan to be offered alone by each individual - not in congregation. This practice was continued during Abu Bakr's period in office and, for the first year of his caliphate, โUmar fasted over Ramadhan and offered his prayers in the same manner as the Prophet (S) and Abu Bakr had done before him.
However, in the 14th year of the Hijra, โUmar and some of his companions entered the mosque in Madinah while those present were offeringvoluntary prayer - some bowing, some in prostration, some standing and others sitting. He felt displeased by the apparent disorder and was moved to stipulate that all those present offer voluntary prayers in congregation. He further demanded that this be done in all the mosques throughout his dominion. Such congregational prayers came to be known as Tarawih.
However, the error-free Imams of Ahl al-Bayt continue to follow the Sunnah of the Prophet (S) and decline this, and all other innovation.
Prayer of greeting offered after entering any mosque
It is recommended to offer two rakaโat each time one enters a mosque but there are no references to any particular surahs being recited. Abu Dar reports that he entered the mosque while the Prophet (S) was there and he said, 'O Abu Dar, there is a greeting to be offered to the mosque'; when I asked him (S) what that was he (S) replied, 'To offer two rakaโat.'37
Prayer offered on the first night after a burial (Salat al-Wahshah)
On the first night after burial, fellow Muslims are recommended to offer two rakaโat to comfort the soul of the deceased in its new surroundings.
The first rakaโah: ayat 2:255-7 - Al-Kursi - is recited after Al-Fatihah.
The second rakaโah: Surah 97 - Al-Qadr - is recited 10 times after Al-Fatihah.
After this, the request is made, 'O Lord, please bless the Prophet Muhammad (S) and his progeny (a.s.) and refer the benefit of this prayer to the grave of 'so and so' [the name of the deceased and her/his father].
Al-Baqarah โ Qurโan 2- Verses 255-257
The frequently recited ayat - 255-257 - are jointly referred to as: 'Throne Ayat' - 'Ayat ul-Kursi'.
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รกรณร ร
รถรกรณٰรฅรณ ร
รถรกรธรณร รฅรตรฆรณ รรกรบรรณรญรธรต รรกรบรรณรญรธรตรฆรฃรต ۚ รกรณร รรณรรบรรตรรตรฅรต รรถรครณรรฑ รฆรณรกรณร รครณรฆรบรฃรฑ ۚ รกรณรฅรต รฃรณร รรถรญ รรกรรธรณรฃรณรรฆรณรรรถ รฆรณรฃรณร รรถรญ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ ۗ รฃรณรครบ รรณร รรกรธรณรรถรญ รญรณรรบรรณรรต รรถรครบรรณรฅรต ร
รถรกรธรณร รรถร
รถรรบรครถรฅรถ ۚ รญรณรรบรกรณรฃรต รฃรณร รรณรญรบรครณ รรณรญรบรรถรญรฅรถรฃรบ รฆรณรฃรณร รรณรกรบรรณรฅรตรฃรบ ۖ รฆรณรกรณร รญรตรรถรญรรตรฆรครณ รรถรรณรญรบรรฒ รฃรถรครบ รรถรกรบรฃรถรฅรถ ร
รถรกรธรณร รรถรฃรณร รรณรรรณ ۚ รฆรณรรถรรณ รรตรรบรรถรญรธรตรฅรต รรกรรธรณรฃรณรรฆรณรรรถ รฆรณรรกรบรรณรรบรรณ ۖ รฆรณรกรณร รญรณรรตรฆรรตรฅรต รรถรรบรรตรฅรตรฃรณร ۚ รฆรณรฅรตรฆรณ รรกรบรรณรกรถรญรธรต รรกรบรรณรรถรญรฃรต {255}
Allah! There is no god but He,-the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth? He knoweth what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth. His Throne doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).
รกรณร ร
รถรรบรรณรรฅรณ รรถรญ รรกรรธรถรญรครถ ۖ รรณรรบ รรณรรณรญรธรณรครณ รรกรรธรตรรบรรต รฃรถรครณ รรกรบรรณรญรธรถ ۚ รรณรฃรณรครบ รญรณรรบรรตรรบ รรถรรกรรธรณรรรตรฆรรถ รฆรณรญรตรรบรฃรถรครบ รรถรรกรกรธรณรฅรถ รรณรรณรรถ รรรบรรณรฃรบรรณรรณ รรถรรกรบรรตรรบรฆรณรรถ รรกรบรฆรตรรบรรณรฌٰ รกรณร รรครบรรถรรณรรฃรณ รกรณรฅรณร ۗ รฆรณรรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรณรฃรถรญรรฑ รรณรกรถรญรฃรฑ {256}
Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks. And Allah heareth and knoweth all things.
รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รฆรณรกรถรญรธรต รรกรธรณรรถรญรครณ รรฃรณรครตรฆร รญรตรรบรรถรรตรฅรตรฃรบ รฃรถรครณ รรกรรธรตรกรตรฃรณรรรถ ร
รถรกรณรฌ รรกรครธรตรฆรรถ ۖ รฆรณรรกรธรณรรถรญรครณ รรณรรณรรตรฆร รรณรฆรบรกรถรญรณรรรตรฅรตรฃรต รรกรรธรณรรรตรฆรรต รญรตรรบรรถรรตรฆรครณรฅรตรฃรบ รฃรถรครณ รรกรครธรตรฆรรถ ร
รถรกรณรฌ รรกรรธรตรกรตรฃรณรรรถ ۗ รรตรฆรกรณٰรรถรรณ รรณรรบรรณรรรต รรกรครธรณรรรถ ۖ รฅรตรฃรบ รรถรญรฅรณร รรณรรกรถรรตรฆรครณ {257}
Allah is the Protector of those who have faith: from the depths of darkness He will lead them forth into light. Of those who reject faith the patrons are the evil ones: from light they will lead them forth into the depths of darkness. They will be companions of the fire, to dwell therein (For ever).
Al-Qadr - Qurโan 97
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
ร
รถรครธรณร รรณรครบรรณรกรบรครณรรฅรต รรถรญ รกรณรญรบรกรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {1}
We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power:
รฆรณรฃรณร รรณรรบรรณรรรณ รฃรณร รกรณรญรบรกรณรรต รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {2}
And what will explain to thee what the night of power is?
รกรณรญรบรกรณรรต รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ รรณรญรบรรฑ รฃรถรครบ รรณรกรบรรถ รรณรฅรบรรฒ {3}
The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.
รรณรครณรรธรณรกรต รรกรบรฃรณรกรณรรรถรรณรรต รฆรณรรกรรธรตรฆรรต รรถรญรฅรณร รรถร
รถรรบรครถ รรณรรธรถรฅรถรฃรบ รฃรถรครบ รรตรกรธรถ รรณรฃรบรรฒ {4}
Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's permission, on every errand:
รรณรกรณรรฃรฑ รฅรถรญรณ รรณรรธรณรฌٰ รฃรณรรบรกรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {5}
Peace!...This until the rise of morn!
Prayer of ghufailah
The name ghufailah is derived from the Arabic word for heedlessness - ghaflah - which implies that most people are not aware of its merits.
It comprises two rakaโat offered between the Maghrib and โIsha' prayers. In the first rakaโah after al-Fatihah: the ayat 21:87-88 are recited. It is evident that the recitation of these ayat is to relieve believers of their woes.38
Al-Anbiya - The Prophets - Qurโan 21- Verses 87-88
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รฆรณรรณร รรกรครธรตรฆรครถ ร
รถรรบ รรณรฅรณรรณ รฃรตรรณรรรถรรฐร รรณรรณรครธรณ รรณรครบ รกรณรครบ รครณรรบรรถรรณ รรณรกรณรญรบรฅรถ รรณรครณรรรณรฌٰ รรถรญ รรกรรธรตรกรตรฃรณรรรถ รรณรครบ รกรณร ร
รถรกรณٰรฅรณ ร
รถรกรธรณร รรณรครบรรณ รรตรรบรรณรรครณรรณ ร
รถรครธรถรญ รรตรครบรรต รฃรถรครณ รรกรรธรณรรกรถรฃรถรญรครณ {87}
And remember Zun-nun, when he departed in wrath: He imagined that We had no power over him! But he cried through the deptHs of darkness, "There is no god but thou: glory to thee: I was indeed wrong!"
รรณรรรบรรณรรณรรบรครณร รกรณรฅรต รฆรณรครณรรธรณรญรบรครณรรฅรต รฃรถรครณ รรกรบรรณรฃรธรถ ۚ รฆรณรรณรรณٰรกรถรรณ รครตรครบรรถรญ รรกรบรฃรตรรบรฃรถรครถรญรครณ {88}
So We listened to him: and delivered him from distress: and thus do We deliver those who have faith.
In the second rakaโah after al-Fatihah: Qurโan 6:59 Al-Anโam:
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รฆรณรรถรครบรรณรฅรต รฃรณรรณรรรถรรต รรกรบรรณรญรบรรถ รกรณร รญรณรรบรกรณรฃรตรฅรณร ร
รถรกรธรณร รฅรตรฆรณ ۚ รฆรณรญรณรรบรกรณรฃรต รฃรณร รรถรญ รรกรบรรณรรธรถ รฆรณรรกรบรรณรรบรรถ ۚ รฆรณรฃรณร รรณรรบรรตรรต รฃรถรครบ รฆรณรรณรรณรรฒ ร
รถรกรธรณร รญรณรรบรกรณรฃรตรฅรณร รฆรณรกรณร รรณรรธรณรรฒ รรถรญ รรตรกรตรฃรณรรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ รฆรณรกรณร รรณรรบรรฒ รฆรณรกรณร รญรณรรรถรรฒ ร
รถรกรธรณร รรถรญ รรถรรณรรรฒ รฃรตรรถรญรครฒ {59}
With Him are the keys of the unseen, the treasures that none knoweth but He. He knoweth whatever there is on the earth and in the sea. Not a leaf doth fall but with His knowledge: there is not a grain in the darkness (or depths) of the earth, nor anything fresh or dry (green or withered), but is (inscribed) in a record clear (to those who can read).
After this, the hands are raised in qunut and the following is recited:
รรณรกรกรธรณรฅรตรฃรธรณ ร
รถรครธรถรญ รรณรรบรรกรตรรณ รรถรฃรณรรณรรรถรรถ ٱรกรบรรณรญรถรรถ ٱรกรธรณรรถรญ รกรรณ รญรณรรบรกรณรฃรตรฅรณร ร
รถรกรรธรณ รรครบรรณ รรณรครบ รรตรรณรกรธรถรญรณ รรณรกรณรฌٰ รฃรตรรณรฃรธรณร รฆรณรรกรถรฅรถ รฆรณ รรครบ۔۔۔
Allahuma inni as'aluka bi mafatih al ghaib al-lati la ya lamuha illa ant an tusaliya โala Muhammadin wa alihi wa an ...
O Allah, I beseech you by your Keys to the treasures unseen, to bless Muhammad (S) and his progeny and to grant me..[After stating one's desires one continues] O Allah, You are my Guardian and Provider and know my desires, so I beseech you, in the names of Muhammad (S) and his progeny, to grant my request.
Prayer on the first day of each month
It is recommended to offer the following two rakaciit prayers at the start of each month.
The first rakaโah: Surah 112 -Al-Tawhid - is recited 30 times after Al-Fatihah.
The second rakaโah: Surah 97 - Al-Qadr - is recited 30 times after Al-Fatihah.
Al-Tawhid - Monotheism - Also Called Al-Ikhlas โ Sincerity - Qurโan 112
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
รรตรกรบ รฅรตรฆรณ รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรณรรณรรฑ {1}
Say: He is Allah, the One and Only;
รรกรกรธรณรฅรต รรกรรธรณรฃรณรรต {2}
Allah, the Eternal, Absolute;
รกรณรฃรบ รญรณรกรถรรบ รฆรณรกรณรฃรบ รญรตรฆรกรณรรบ {3}
He begetteth not, nor is He begotten;
รฆรณรกรณรฃรบ รญรณรรตรครบ รกรณรฅรต รรตรรตรฆรฐร รรณรรณรรฑ {4}
And there is none like unto Him.
Al-Qadr - Qurโan 97
รรถรรบรฃรถ รรกรกรธรณรรฅรถ รรกรรธรณรรบรฃรณรٰรครถ รรกรรธรณรรถรญรฃรถ
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the most Merciful.
ร
รถรครธรณร รรณรครบรรณรกรบรครณรรฅรต รรถรญ รกรณรญรบรกรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {1}
We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power:
รฆรณรฃรณร รรณรรบรรณรรรณ รฃรณร รกรณรญรบรกรณรรต รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {2}
And what will explain to thee what the night of power is?
รกรณรญรบรกรณรรต รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ รรณรญรบรรฑ รฃรถรครบ รรณรกรบรรถ รรณรฅรบรรฒ {3}
The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.
รรณรครณรรธรณรกรต รรกรบรฃรณรกรณรรรถรรณรรต รฆรณรรกรรธรตรฆรรต รรถรญรฅรณร รรถร
รถรรบรครถ รรณรรธรถรฅรถรฃรบ รฃรถรครบ รรตรกรธรถ รรณรฃรบรรฒ {4}
Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's permission, on every errand:
รรณรกรณรรฃรฑ รฅรถรญรณ รรณรรธรณรฌٰ รฃรณรรบรกรณรรถ รรกรบรรณรรบรรถ {5}
Peace!...This until the rise of morn!
In a narration from Imam Sadiq (a.s.) this offers excellent monthly protection.
Prayer offered on Id Al-Ghadir
โId Al-Ghadir falls on the 18th of Dhul-Hijjah, the day that the Prophet Muhammad (S) announced that Allah had appointed โAli ibn Abu Talib (a.s.) to be his successor and the first Imam.
It is recommended to offer two rakaโat half an hour prior to noon and to recite in each rakaโah: Surah Al-lkhlas 10 times, Ayat Al-Kursi 10 times, and Surah Al-Qadr 10 times after the recital of Surah Al-Fatihah. It is reported from Imam Sadiq (a.s.) that the merit of this prayer equates to the benefits of goingon thousands of major and minor pilgrimages and that our desires for this world, or that of the world to come, will be granted.
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